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ELA Final Review
Prefixes/Suffix
Base- basic form of a word that you can
build upon. “Meter”- base word meaning to
measure example” barometer- instrument
used to measure wind pressure.
Suffix: ending three letters of a word
indicating whether the word is a noun,
verb etc.
Suffix ending for nouns- “ion”
Suffix ending for verbs- “ing”
Prefixes
• Three letters in the BEGINNING of a
word, signaling meaning
• “re” –again ex: retype, redo
• “Pre”- before, example: preview
Noun/Verb Patterns
• Every sentence has a noun verb pattern. Most
simple sentences follow in this pattern (SV) or
(Subject, Verb)
• The cat played with the ball.
• Compound sentences (sentences with 2 or more
independent clauses) have a (SV, and SV) or
(SV; however, SV) pattern. FANBOYS join
clauses (for and nor but or yet so)
• Complex sentences have one independent clause
PLUS one or more dependent clauses. They can be
arranged in these ways: (SV because SV.) or (Because
SV, SV.) or (S, because SV, V.)
Examples of Sentences
• Simple: The boy played ball.
• Compound: Alejandro played football,
so Maria went shopping.
• Complex: Although chicken always
appeals to me, I still feel skeptical about
frog legs.
Connectors
• Connectors are always at the beginning of the
dependent clause. They show how the dependent clause
is related to the independent clause. This list shows
different types of relationships along with the connectors
that indicate those relationships:
• Cause/Effect: because, since, so that
• Comparison/Contrast: although, even though, though,
whereas, while
• Place/Manner: where, wherever, how, however
• Possibility/Conditions: if, whether, unless
• Relation: that, which, who, whom
• Time: after, as, before, since, when, whenever, while,
until
Predicate Completer
• Remember subject/predicate??
• Your predicate is the action of the
sentence.
• Therefore, a predicate completer
elaborates, explains, or modifies the
predicate.
• Example: Mary enjoyed playing in the
mud. (In the mud clarifies WHERE Mary
likes to play!)
When to Use Who/Whom
• "Who" is a subject pronoun like "he," "she"
and "we“. We use "who" to ask which
person does an action or which person is
a certain way. Example: Who made the
birthday cake?
Whom
• "Whom" is an object pronoun like "him,"
"her" and "us." We use "whom" to ask
which person receives an action.
• Example:
• Whom are you going to invite?
Whose
• "Whose" is a possessive pronoun like
"his," "her" and "our." We use "whose" to
find out which person something belongs
to.
• Example:
• Whose camera is this?
Adverbials
• Adverbial: any structure, no matter what its
form, that functions as a modifier of a
verb. Follows your adverb.
• Example: I couldn't sleep well throughout
the night.
Relative Pronouns/Clauses
• The most common relative pronouns
are who/whom, whoever/whomever,
whose, that,and which. (Please note that in
certain situations, "what," "when," and "where"
can function as relative pronouns.)
• Relative pronouns introduce relative clauses,
which are a type of dependent clause. Relative
clauses modify a word, phrase, or idea in the
main clause. The word, phrase, or idea modified
is called the antecedent. In the following
examples, that and whom modify the subject:
• Ex: The house that Jack built is large.
Psalms of David
• The Psalms are useful for singing praises
to God. They are also useful for teaching
and confirming that Jesus is the Christ or
Messiah. Each have a “mood” expressed
(joy, thanksgiving, anger, love)
• The form of Psalms follows
• “thought rhyme” or parallelism.
• There are several types…
• Synonymous parallelism (REPITITION) The thought of first line is repeated in the
second line, expressed in different words
for the sake of emphasis. A good example
is found in Ps 24:2...
• For He has founded it upon the seas,
And established it upon the waters.
(same idea, reworded)
• Antithetical parallelism
(COMPARE/CONTRAST) - The truth
presented in one line is strengthened by a
contrasting statement in the next line.
Consider this example from Ps 1:6... For
the LORD knows the way of the
righteous, But the way of the ungodly
shall perish. (note the contrast)
• Synthetic parallelism (CAUSE/EFFECT)
- The first and second lines bear some
definite relation to each other (such as
cause and effect, or proposition and
conclusion). A good example is Ps
119:11... Your word I have hidden in my
heart, (cause) That I might not sin
against You! (effect)
Types of Psalms
• Alphabetic (Acrostic), Ethical, Hallelujah, Historical,
Imprecatory, Messianic, Penitential, Songs Of Ascent
(Degrees), Suffering, Thanksgiving