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Transcript
The Crusades 1095-1291 Causes 1. Muslim Seljuk Turks expand into Palestine • No more safe pilgrimage to Jerusalem • Western Europe/Catholic Christians feel threatened 2. Byzantine Emperor Asks for Help • Needs money & troops to protect Constantinople from Seljuk Turks Causes 3. Pope Urban II’s Speech • Spiritual war/”pilgrimage of arms” to recapture the holy city • Ticket to Heaven • “It is the will of God!” “Jerusalem is the navel of the world…now held captive…looks and hopes for freedom…it begs unceasingly that you will come to its aid.” –Pope Urban II Pope Urban gives his speech at the Council of Clermont in 1095. Causes of the Crusades History Channel Clip Timeline of Crusades First Crusade (1096-1099) • Christians recapture Jerusalem in a bloody fight, killing Muslims, Jews & Christians •Setup 4 small kingdoms and rulers created lord/vassal system First Crusade (History Channel video clip) Second Crusade (1147-1149) • Muslims had captured country of Edessa, but Crusaders fail to re-takeTOTAL FAILURE Timeline of Crusades Third Crusade (1189-1192) • Saladin becomes ruler of Egypt and unites MuslimsCaptures Jerusalem in 1189 • Saladin vs. Richard the Lion-Hearted (England) • Ends in truce between Saladin & RichardMuslims control Jerusalem but allow Christian pilgrims Saladin vs. Richard (History Channel video clip) Fourth Crusade (1201-1204) • Crusaders attacked Constantinople, destroying it completely • Weakened the Byzantine Empire, which would collapse in 1453 Later Crusades Jerusalem traded hands between the Crusaders & the Muslims. Ultimately, the Crusaders failed in their attempt to secure Jerusalem. Why did they fail? • Crusaders had to travel far distances • Crusaders weren’t prepared for the climate • Crusaders were outnumbered and lacked leadership & organization that Muslims had • Christian leaders fought amongst themselves Effects of the Crusades • Weakens Feudalism: – Nobles left to fight in the CrusadesKings regained power – Serfs left to fight & never returned to the manor • Strengthens trade between Europe – Crusaders brought back new goods & ideas – Europeans want goods from Asia Effects of the Crusades • Weakened Byzantine Empire • Weakens relationship between Byzantine Orthodox & Western European Catholics • Weakens relationship between Jews & Christians • Worsened relationship between Christians & Muslimsconflict still exist in ME today Horrible Histories Crusaders Report Horrible Histories: Arabian Healer vs. Crusader Doctor