Download Verbs - Laing Middle School

Verbs
What is a Verb?
• A verb is a word used to express an action, a
condition, or a state of being. The two main
verbs are action verbs and linking verbs. Both
can be accompanied by helping verbs.
Action Verbs
An action verb tells what its subject does. The
action it expresses can be either physical or
mental.
• King Kong stomps through the streets of New
York. (physical)
• Everyone fears Kong (mental)
Linking Verbs
A linking verb links its subject to a word in the
predicate. The most common linking verbs
are forms of the verb be.
Links
• King Kong is a huge gorilla.
Linking
verb
Helping Verbs and Verb Phrases
• Helping verbs help main verbs express precise
shades of meaning. The combination of one
or more helping verbs with a main verb is
called a verb phrase.
We have watched the moving King Kong four
times.
Helping
verb
Main
verb
Common Helping Verbs
Forms of “be”
be, am, is , are, was, were, been, being
Forms of “do”
Do, does, did
Forms of “have”
Have, has, had
Others
Could, should, would, may, might, must,
can, shall, will
Action Verbs and Direct Objects
• A direct object is a noun or pronoun that
names the receiver of an action. The direct
object answers the question what or whom.
The scriptwriter begins the process.
Action verb
Direct Object
Action Verbs and Indirect Objects
• An indirect object tells to what or whom or for
what or whom an action is done. Verbs that
often take indirect objects include bring, give,
hand, lend, make, send, show, teach, tell, and
write.
To whom
The director gives the scriptwriter some advice.
Indirect
object
Direct
object
Transitive Verbs
• An action verb that has a direct object is called
a transitive verb.
Scriptwriters set pace of their movies.
Transitive Direct
Verb
Object
Intransitive Verbs
• A verb that does not have a direct object is
called an intransitive verb.
The action moves quickly.
Intransitive verb
(no object)
Linking Verbs and Complements
• The word that a linking verb connects its
subject to is called a subject complement.
The subject complement identifies or
describes the subject.
identifies
A movie is a complicated project.
describes
Subject
complement
A movie must seem real.
Subject
complement
Predicate Nouns
• A predicate noun is a noun that follows a
linking verb and identifies, renames, or defines
the subject.
Identifies
Star Wars is a science fiction film.
Subject
Verb
Predicate
Noun
Predicate Adjectives
• A predicate adjective is an adjective that
follows a linking verb and modifies the
subject.
modifies
Science fiction films are popular.
subject
verb
Predicate
adjective
Principal Parts of Verbs
Every verb has four basic parts, called its principal
parts: the present, the present participle, the
past, and the past participle. These principal
parts are used to make all of the forms and
tenses of the verb.
• Present: Some people take risks on screen.
• Present Participle: Some people are doing
dangerous things all the time.
• Past: Polly Berson performed stunts for 27 years.
• Past Participle: Most stunt people have trained
for many years.
The Four Principal Parts of a Verb
Present
Present Participle
Past
Past Participle
Jump
(is) jumping
Jumped
(has) jumped
Crash
(is) crashing
Crashed
(has) crashed
Notice that helping verbs are used with the present
participles and the past participles.
Regular Verbs
• There are two kinds of verbs; regular and
irregular.
• A regular verb is a verb whose past and past
participle are formed by adding –ed or –d to
the present. The present participle is formed
by adding –ing to the present.
Present
Look
Present Participle
(is) look + -ing
Past
Look + -ed
Past Participle
(has) look + -ed
Simple Tenses
• A tense is a verb form that shows the time of
an action or condition. Verbs have three
simple tenses: the present, the past, and the
future.
Present Tense
The present tense shows that an action or
condition occurs now.
• The water rushes swiftly by the raft.
Past Tense
The past tense shows that an action or
condition was completed in the past.
• The raft passed the point of no return earlier.
Future Tense
The future tense shows that an action or
condition will occur in the future.
Soon someone will fall into the water.
Progressive Form
A progressive form of a tense expresses an action
or condition in progress. The progressive form of
the three simple tenses are used to sow that
actions or conditions are, were, or will be in
progress.
• Present Progressive: People on shore are calling
for help.
• Past Progressive: They were fishing before.
• Future Progressive: They will be watching for the
rescue boat.
Forming Simple Tenses
• The present tense of a verb is the present
principal part. The past tense is the past
principal part. To form the future tense, add
will to the present principal part.
Singular
Plural
Present (present participle
part)
I direct
You direct
He, she, it directs
We direct
You direct
They direct
Past (past participle part)
I directed
You directed
He, she, it directed
We directed
You directed
They directed
Future (will + present
principle part)
I will direct
You will direct
He, she, it will direct
We will direct
You will direct
They will direct
Present Perfect Tense
The present perfect tense places an action or
condition in a stretch of time leading up to the
present.
• The scientist had created a monster. (The
scientist created the monster at some
unspecified time before the present.)
Past Perfect Tense
The past perfect tense places a past action or
condition before another past action or
condition.
• When the scientist had tinkered with him,
the monster awakened. (The tinkering
occurred before the awakening.)
Future Perfect Tense
The future perfect tense places a future action
or condition before another future action or
condition.
• The monster will have escaped before the
scientist notices. (The escaping will occur
before the scientist’s noticing.)
Forming Perfect Tenses
To form the present perfect, past perfect, or future
perfect tense of verbs, add the present, past, or
future form of have to the past participle.
Singular
Plural
Present perfect
(has or have + past
participle)
I have screamed
You have screamed
He, she, it has screamed
We have screamed
You have screamed
They have screamed
Past perfect
(had + past participle)
I had screamed
You had screamed
He, she, it had screamed
We had screamed
You had screamed
They had screamed
Future perfect
(will + have + past
participle)
I will have screamed
You will have screamed
He, she, it will have
screamed
We will have screamed
You will have screamed
They will have screamed
Troublesome Verb Pairs
Some pairs of verbs seem similar but are
actually different words with different
meanings. Troublesome verb pairs include lie
and lay, sit and set, rise and raise, and may
and can.
Lie and Lay
Lie means “to rest in a flat position.” It does not
take an object.
• The tigers lie at the trainer’s feet.
Lay means “to put or place.” It does take and
object.
• The trainer lays the tiger treats on a tray.
Sit and Set
Sit means “to be seated.” It does not take an
object.
• My cat, Luna, sits on the couch.
Set means “to put or place.” It does take an
object.
• I set the flea powder down somewhere.
Rise and Raise
Rise means “to move upward” or “to get out of
bed.” It does not take an object.
• The sun rises every morning.
Raise means “to lift” or “to care for or bring up.”
It does take an object.
• King Kong raises a car easily.
May and Can
May means “to be allowed to” or “to be likely
to.”
• May I pet your dog?
Can means “to be able to.”
• Can he do any tricks?