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Evolution Unit
Grade: «grade»
Subject: Biology
Date: «date»
1
Which of the following could cause changes in populations of organisms
over time?
A
The evironment
B
Geographic separation
C
Human choices
D
All of these
2
Which of the following explains why selection can cause
populations of organisms to change?
A
It teaches organisms how to survive better in their
environments.
B
It allows some organisms to survive and produce offspring while others
do not.
C
It causes changes in organisms to help them in their everyday lives.
D
It chooses certain organisms with good traits over other organisms with
bad traits.
3
In each generation, the wings of experimetnal fruit flies were clipped short
for fifty generations. The fifty-first generation emerged with normal-length
wings. This observation would tend to disprove the idea that evolution is
based on
A
inheritance of natural variations
B
inheritance of acquired characteristics
C
natural selection
D
survival of the fittest
4
Charles Darwin's observations that finches of different species on the
Galapagos Islands ahve many similar physical characteristics supports the
hypothesis that these finches
A
have the ability to interbreed
B
acquired traits through use and disuse
C
all eat the same type of food
D
descended from a common ancestor
5
When a farmer breeds only his or her best livestock, the
process involved is
A
natural selection
B
artificial selection
C
artificial variation
D
survival of the fittest
6
When lions prey on a herd of antelopes, some antelopes are killed and
some escape. Which part of Darwin's concept of natural selection might
be used to describe this situation?
A
Acquired characteristics
B
Reproductive isolation
C
Survival of the fittest
D
Descent with modification
7
Which statement about the members of a population that live long enough
to reproduce is consistent with the theory of natural selection?
A
They transmit characteristics acquired by use and disuse to their
offspring.
B
They tend to produce fewer offspring than others in the population.
C
They are the ones that are best adapted to survive in their environment.
D
They will perpetuate unfavorable changes in the species.
8
The ability of an organisms to survive and reproduce in its sepecific
environment is
A
diversity
B
fitness
C
adaptation
D
evolution
9
According to Darwin's theory of natural selection, the
individuals that tend to survive are those that have
A
characteristics their parents acquired by use and disuse
B
characteristics that plant and animal breeders value
C
the greatest number of offspring
D
variations best suited to the environment
10
An adaptation is an inherited characteristic that can be
A
physical or behavioral
B
physical or geographical
C
acquired during the organism's lifetime
D
the result of artificial selection
11
The presence of a hind limb node in dolphin embryos is an example of a
A
fossil
B
vestigial structure
C
homologous structure
D
analogous structure
12
Modern sea star larvae resemble some primitive vertebrate larvae. This
similarity may suggest that primitive vertebrates
A
share a common ancestor with sea stars
B
evolved from sea stars
C
evoloved before sea stars
D
belong to the same species as sea stars
13
Charles Darwin's theory of evolution explain all of the following EXCEPT
A
how species become extinct
B
how inherited traits are passed from parent to offspring
C
how species change over time
D
how evolution takes place in the natural world
14
The genes that are responsible for body planning are called
A
proteins
B
hox genes
C
histones
D
hemoglobin
15
Which statement is in agreement with Darwin's theory of
evolution?
A
More offspring are produced than can possibly survive.
B
The organisms that are the fittest can possibly survive.
C
The number of offspring is nto related to fitness.
D
Acquired characteristics that are inherited are the cause of evolution.
16
Which phrase best defines evolution by natural selection?
A
An adaptation of a species to its environment
B
a sudden replacement of one population by another
C
changes in a species as it becomes more perfect
D
a process of change in species over time
17
Which of the following statements describe what all members of a
population share?
A
They are temporarily isolated from each other.
B
They are geographically isolated from each other.
C
They are members of the same species.
D
They have identical genes.
18
All of the genes of all members of a particular population make up the
population's
A
relative frequency
B
phenotype
C
genotype
D
gene pool
19
Which statement below about gene pools is typically true?
A
They contain two or more alleles for each inheritable trait.
B
They contain only dominant alleles.
C
They belong to two or more interbreeding species.
D
The relative frequencies of the alleles never change.
20 Natural selection acts directly on
A
alleles.
B
genes.
C
phenotypes.
D
mutations.
21 In a fox population, the allele frequency of a gene for red fur changes
from 20 percent to 30 percent. What can you say about that population
of foxes?
A
The population is expanding.
B
The population is evolving.
C
The population is decreasing.
D
The population is not evolving.
22 Sexual reproduction among members of a population results in
A
B
C
D
different types of alleles in the gene pool.
changes in the allele frequencies in the gene pool.
no changes in the allele frequencies in the gene pool.
an absence of genetic variation in the population.
23 A change in the genetic material of a cell is called a
A
recombination.
B
polygenic trait.
C
single-gene trait.
D
mutation.
24 Three sources of genetic variation are
A
B
C
D
genotypes, phenotypes, and polygenic traits.
sexual reproduction, lateral gene transfer, and mutations.
single-gene traits, polygenic traits, and adaptation.
directional selection, disruptive selection, and stabilizing
selection.
25
The genetic recombination that occurs as part of sexual reproduction
A
B
changes the gene pool’s allele frequencies.
does not change the gene pool’s allele frequencies.
C
keeps the phenotypes consistent.
D
is caused by radiation or chemicals.
26
A single-gene trait that has two alleles and that shows a simple
dominant-recessive pattern will result in
A
one phenotype.
B
two phenotypes.
C
four phenotypes.
D
millions of phenotypes.
27
An example of a single-gene trait is
A
sickle cell anemia in humans.
B
fur color in cats.
C
length of snails.
D
beak size in the Galápagos finches.
28
The number of phenotypes produced for a given trait depends upon
A
the number of genes that control the trait.
B
which form of the trait is dominant.
C
the allele frequencies of the various alleles.
D
the relationship of allele frequencies to Mendelian ratios.
29
The frequency of phenotypes for a typical polygenic trait is most often
illustrated as
A
a scatter plot.
B
a bell-shaped curve.
C
a pie chart.
D
a histogram.
30
A polygenic trait can have
A
B
many possible genotypes, but few possible phenotypes.
many possible genotypes, producing many possible
phenotypes.
C
fewer phenotypes than most single-gene traits.
D
fewer genotypes than most single-gene traits.
31
Figure 17–1
One end of Figure 17–1 shows an increase in average beak size for a
population of birds. When individuals at only one end of a bell curve of
phenotype frequencies have high fitness, the result is
A
directional selection.
B
stabilizing selection.
C
disruptive selection.
D
genetic drift.
32
Figure 17–2
Figure 17–2 shows highest fitness toward the center of the curve. When
individuals with an average form of a trait have the highest fitness, the
result is
A
not predictable.
B
disruptive selection.
C
directional selection.
D
stabilizing selection.
33
Figure 17–3
Figure 17–3 shows smaller and larger beaks in a population of finches.
One group of birds has a short, parrotlike beak and another group has a
long, narrow beak. What process has probably occurred?
A
directional selection
B
disruptive selection
C
stabilizing selection
D
genetic drift
34
If a mutation introduces a new skin color in a lizard population, which
factor might determine whether the frequency of the new allele will
increase?
A
B
C
D
how many other alleles are present
whether the mutation makes some lizards more fit for their
environment than other lizards
how many phenotypes the population has
whether the mutation was caused by nature or by human
intervention
35
In genetic drift, the allele frequencies in a gene pool change because of
A
mutations.
B
chance.
C
natural selection.
D
genetic equilibrium.
36
Genetic drift tends to occur in populations that
A
are very large.
B
are small.
C
are formed from new species.
D
have unchanging allele frequencies.
37
The type of genetic drift that follows the colonization of a new habitat by
a small group of individuals is called
A
the Hardy-Weinberg principle.
B
the founder effect.
C
directional selection.
D
stabilizing selection.
38
The situation in which allele frequencies in the gene pool of a population
remain constant is called
A
evolution.
B
genetic drift.
C
genetic equilibrium.
D
natural selection.
39
One of the conditions required to maintain genetic equilibrium is
A
natural selection.
B
mutations.
C
nonrandom mating.
D
no immigration or emigration.
40
The genetic equilibrium of a population can be disturbed by each of the
following EXCEPT
A
nonrandom mating.
B
immigration or emigration.
C
a large population size.
D
mutations.
Evolution Unit
Grade: «grade»
Subject: Biology
Date: «date»
1
The allele frequencies of a population are more likely to be disturbed if
A
the population size is increased.
B
no immigration or emigration occurs.
C
mating is not random.
D
the mutation rate decreases.
2
Which factor would most likely disrupt genetic equilibrium in a large
population?
A
the production of large numbers of offspring
B
mating that is not random
C
the absence of emigration and immigration
D
the absence of mutations
3
The separation of populations by barriers such as rivers, mountains, or
bodies of water is called
A
temporal isolation.
B
geographic isolation.
C
behavioral isolation.
D
genetic equilibrium.
4
A factor that is necessary for the formation of a new species is
A
reproduction at different times.
B
geographic barriers.
C
different mating behaviors.
D
reproductive isolation.
5
Which of the following statements defines the members of a species?
A
B
They are temporally isolated from each other.
They are geographically isolated from each other.
C
They mate and produce offspring.
D
They have identical genes.
6
What situation might develop in a population having some plants whose
flowers open at midday and other plants whose flowers open late in the
day?
A
behavioral isolation
B
geographic isolation
C
temporal isolation
D
genetic drift
7
The geographic isolation of two populations of a species tends to
increase differences between their gene pools because it
A
B
C
D
prevents interbreeding between the populations.
prevents interbreeding within each population.
causes temporal isolation of the two populations.
increases differences in courtship behavior.
8
Although they often live in the same habitat, the American toad breeds
earlier in the spring than the Fowler’s toad does. What can be inferred
from this information?
A
B
C
D
The two species do not interbreed because of geographic
isolation.
The two species do not interbreed because of temporal
isolation.
The two species interbreed throughout the spring season.
The American toad will cause the extinction of the Fowler’s
toad.
9
The Galápagos finch species are an excellent example of
A
speciation.
B
genetic equilibrium.
C
stabilizing selection.
D
selection on single-gene traits.
10
Species Y and Z have very different proteins and genes. What is most
likely true about these two species? Species Y
A
is older than Species Z.
B
is younger than Species Z.
C
D
evolved for a long time separately from Species Z.
shares a relatively recent common ancestor with Species Z.
11
What do Hox genes control?
A
gene duplication
B
mutations
C
patterns of embryological development
D
molecular clocks
12 The fossil record shows
A
that most organisms that ever lived on Earth are now extinct.
that only bones and teeth can become fossilized.
B
C
D
that fossils formed under many different conditions.
a complete record of every organism that ever existed on
Earth.
13 Fossils usually provide paleontologists with information about each of
the following EXCEPT an organism’s
A
structure.
B
environment.
C
way of life.
D
DNA.
14 The length of time required for half of the radioactive atoms in a sample
to decay is its
A
half-life.
B
relative date.
C
radioactive date.
D
period.
15 To compare the relative ages of rocks, scientists sometimes use an
easily recognized and widespread fossil type called
A
a carbon fossil.
B
a radioactive fossil.
C
an index fossil.
D
a sedimentary fossil.
16
Figure 19–1
Look at Figure 19–1. Which of the following theories explains why the
edges of Africa and South America fit together like two pieces of a
puzzle?
A
endosymbiosis
B
macroevolution
C
plate tectonics
D
punctuated equilibrium
17 Paleontologists identify a new species of fossil on two different
continents. What geological process would most likely responsible for
this fossil being found in both places?
A
mountain building
B
continental drift
C
volcanic eruption
D
ocean and wind currents
18 In the past, mass extinctions encouraged the rapid evolution of surviving
species
A
by changing developmental genes.
B
by making new habitats available to them.
C
D
because they killed all organisms that had coevolved.
because they spared all organisms that had evolved
convergently.
19 Gradualism is a pattern of evolution in which
A
B
C
D
a single species evolves into several closely related species.
several distantly related species develop similarities.
a species evolves at a slow, steady pace.
a species has periods of little evolution interrupted by periods
of rapid evolution.
20 A species at equilibrium migrates into a new environment and soon
begins a period of rapid evolution. The type of evolution that occurred is
most likely
A
adaptive radiation.
B
genetic mutation.
C
coevolution.
D
convergent evolution.
21
A pattern in which species experience long, stable periods interrupted by
brief periods of rapid evolutionary change is called
A
convergent evolution.
B
coevolution.
C
adaptive radiation.
D
punctuated equilibrium.
22
A single species that has evolved into several different forms that live in
different ways has undergone
A
adaptive radiation.
B
coevolution.
C
punctuated equilibrium.
D
mass extinction.
23
Mass extinction would most likely result from which of the following
events?
A
B
C
D
a disease kills off a single species of predator within an
ecosystem
a wildfire burns a national park
global temperatures drop several degrees after several
massive volcanic eruptions
a massive earthquake strikes North America
24
The process by which two species evolve in response to changes in
each other over time is called
A
convergent evolution.
B
adaptive radiation.
C
coevolution.
D
punctuated equilibrium.
25
Which of the following adaptations is most likely the result of
coevolution?
A
a short strong beak in a bird that eats seeds
B
a crop in a migratory bird that eats seeds
C
a narrow beak in a bird that eats insects
D
a curved beak in a bird that eats from a single species of
flower
26
Figure 19–2
In Figure 19–2, flowers and pollinating insects are examples of
A
convergent evolution.
B
punctuated equilibrium.
C
coevolution.
D
adaptive radiation.
27
A plant evolves a high level of poison that enables it to defend itself
against insects. Soon an insect that prefers to eat this plant evolves an
enzyme that breaks down the poison. This is an example of
A
convergent evolution.
B
punctuated equilibrium.
C
coevolution.
D
adaptive radiation.
28
Sexual reproduction contributes to genetic diversity by allowing
A
B
C
D
a single parent to pass along a complete set of unmixed
genes to offspring.
unmixed genes from two parents to be passed to offspring.
genes from two parents to be mixed and remixed before being
passed to offspring.
genes from a single parent to be mixed and remixed before
being passed to offspring.