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Unit 2 How did the Fall of Rome lead to the Rise of the Byzantines in the East and Medieval Europe in the West? Unit 2.3 What part did Feudalism play in the re-organization of Western Europe? Charles Martel, Charlemagne, Feudalism, Lord, Vassal, Knight, Code of Chivalry, Peasant, Manor, Pope, Priest, Monastery, Middle Class, Guilds, Anglo-Saxons, Normans, William the Conqueror, Magna Carta, Habeas Corpus, Model Parliament of Edward I, Otto the Great, Crusades, Pope Urban II, Saladin, Richard the Lionheart, Reconquista, Inquisition Hildegard of Bingen, Geoffrey Chaucer, Bernard of Clairvaux, Godfrey of Bouillon, Universities, Natural Law Philosophy, Scholasticism, Averroes, Anselm of Canterbury, Thomas Aquinas, Roger Bacon, Dante, Gothic architecture, Illumination The Middle Ages The Period of European History from the fall of the Roman Empire in the West (AD 476) to the fall of Constantinople in the East (AD 1453) Roman Empire – AD 400 The Fall The Fall What is GONE? Civilization Out... Stupidity In! With the Fall of Rome, what do people do? Western Europe – AD 500 Charles Martel “The Hammer” A.D. 732 Middle Ages – AD 800 (Charlemagne) Holy Roman Emperor Middle Ages – AD 1500 Something new happens: The Feudal System Feudalism: The Re-Organization of Western Europe! A Land-Use System where Peasants (Serfs) are tied to the Land King Lord, lord, lord Nobles/Nobility Vassal (Got Land?) Fief (Land on Loan) Manor (Production) Japanese Feudalism Emperor, Shogun, Samurai Compare/Contrast Code of Chivalry (The way of the Knights) Duty to Lord, lord, & lady Bravery, Purity, blah, blah, blah Code of Bushido (The way of the Samurais) Duty to Emperor Honor, Bravery, blah, blah, blah Compare the Church’s Social Pyramid Church Power Grows Priests(Clergy) hold local communities together Monastery: Monks & Nuns - Self-sufficient communities - Beginning of Medicine & Education - Advances in Farming techniques The Pope: Grows in power with Canon Law = Church Law 1095 - The First Crusade Byzantine Emperor Alexius Comnenus requested help in defeating the Seljuk Turks. Pope Urban II called upon the Kings of Europe for an armed “pilgrimage” to recover Jerusalem from the Muslims. Among his goals was the strengthening of the Pope’s power by bringing the Greek Orthodox Church under papal authority. (Crusaders would get a “Sin Wash”) Godfrey of Bouillon st 1 would lead the Crusade & later founded the Knights Templar 7, 8, 12 More Crusades? Saladin (Muslim General)re-captures Jerusalem from Crusaders Richard the Lionheart (English King) tries to re-re-capture Jerusalem… gets a truce with Saladin: Christians can safely visit the Holy Land Children’s Crusade (x 2?) One gathered thousands and marched to the sea – that would be parted… Another got a letter from Jesus, gathered thousands and marched to the sea to sail to Holy Land: sold as slaves Legacy of the Crusades: Popes gain & Lose Power No real Winners… only Losers Lingering tension between Muslims & Christians Reconquista & (Spanish) Inquisition M O O R S E D U C A T I O N ! Averroes th 12 Century Islamic Philosopher in Spain, he tried to integrate Aristotelian philosophy with Islamic thought Reconquista 1492 The Marriage of Cousins Ferdinand (of Aragon) & Isabella (of Castile) would Unite the Spanish Kingdoms (Spanish) Inquisition Muslims & Jews MUST: Get Out of Spain, Convert to Christianity, or Die! For those who Converted.. The Spanish Inquisition would “Test” them to see if they really did