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Transcript
ANIMAL CELLS LESSON OBJECTIVES 1. Label and identify the major structures that make up a typical animal cell. 2. Describe what these structures do. 3. Name and describe how 2 specialised animal cells are adapted for their job. MINI PLENARY Question 1 ? a. cytoplasm b. cell wall c. chloroplast d. cell membrane MINI PLENARY Question 2 ? a. cytoplasm b. sap vacuole c. chloroplast d. nucleus MINI PLENARY Question 3 ? a. cytoplasm b. sap vacuole c. chloroplast d. nucleus LESSON OBJECTIVES 1. Label and identify the major structures that make up a typical animal cell. 2. Describe what these structures do. 3. Name and describe how 2 specialised animal cells are adapted for their job. ORGANELLES cell membrane controls what enters and leaves the cell cytoplasm metabolic (chemical) reactions occur here nucleus contains the DNA and so controls the cell DNA contains the coded instructions to make proteins Cell organelles • Nucleus: The “brains” of the cell, the nucleus directs cell activities and contains genes. • A cell membrane controls what enters and leaves the cell. • Cytoplasm, where most of the chemical reactions take place. Mitochondria • Found in the cytoplasm. • Carry out aerobic respiration to release energy. Ribosomes MINI PLENARY Question 4 What is the function of the cell membrane? 1. 2. 3. 4. Supports and protects the cell Controls the cell Controls what enters and leaves the cell Metabolic reactions occur here MINI PLENARY Question 5 What is the function of the nucleus? 1. 2. 3. 4. Supports and protects the cell Controls the cell Controls what enters and leaves the cell Metabolic reactions occur here LESSON OBJECTIVES 1. Label and identify the major structures that make up a typical animal cell. 2. Describe what these structures do. 3. Name and describe how 2 specialised animal cells are adapted for their job. SEX CELLS: GAMETES AN EGG CELL A SPERM CELL Nucleus containing 23 chromosomes The Zygote • Fertilised Egg cell. • Division forms a ball of genetically Identical cells. • The first 8 cells are Embryonic stem cells. They are UNSPECIALISED. SPECIALISED CELLS How many different specialised cells can you name, in animals. • • • • Sex cells- Eggs and sperm Neurones/Nerves- brain. Muscle cells Blood cells, white and red RED BLOOD CELL SPERM CELL NERVE CELL WHITE BLOOD CELL MUSCLE CELL Sperm cell Head contains enzymes & nucleus •Designed to Fertilise eggs. •Found in the Testes Tail •A sperm is small and has a long tail that provides movement so it can swim and find an egg cell. • The head contains enzymes which allow it to digest into an egg cell and join with it. Red blood cells transport oxygen cell surface membrane cytoplasm contains no nucleus allows more room for haemoglobin cytoplasm contains haemoglobin haemoglobin is a protein which carries the oxygen molecules bi-concave disc shape increases surface area over which absorption of oxygen can occur Muscle cells contract and enable movement of the body muscle Muscle cells have many nuclei cell surface membrane nucleus The strands of protein slide over each other making the muscle cell (fibre) shorter and causing the muscle to contract protein strands Ciliated EPITHELIAL cells move bacteria and dust away from the lungs cilia Cilia are small extensions of the cell. They beat rhythmically to sweep mucus, which has trapped bacteria and dust, away from the lungs nucleus magnification X3000 LESSON OBJECTIVES 1. Label and identify the major structures that make up a typical animal cell. 2. Describe what these structures do. 3. Name and describe how 2 specialised animal cells are adapted for their job.