Download Med Term Ch10 PPT

Anatomy and Physiology Basics
CARDI (CARDI/O) =
In earlier sessions you
learned that the word
element “cardi” always
refers to the heart.
HEART
Which word
elements add up to
mean, “pertaining
to the heart”?
(a) –ar, coron/o, arteri/o
(b) -ac, cardi/o
(c) -ic, cardi/o, vascul/o
Which word
elements add up to
mean, “pertaining
to the blood
vessels of the
heart”?
(a) –ar, coron/o, arteri/o
(b) -ar, cardi/o, vascul/o
(c) -ic, cardi/o, vascul/o
Which word
elements add up to
mean, “one who
studies/specializes
in the heart and its
disorders”?
(a) –ar, coron/o, -logist
(b) -logist, coron/o
(c) -logist, cardi/o
Which word
elements add up to
mean, “pertaining
to the heart
muscle”?
(a) –al, cardi/o, my/o
(b) -ar, cardi/o, my/o
(c) -al, coron/o, myos
Which word
elements add up to
mean,
“inflammation
within the heart”?
(a) –osis, cardi/o, inter
(b) -itis, endo-, cardi/o
(c) -itis, intra, cardi/o
Which word
elements add up to
mean, “disease of
the heart
muscle”?
(a) –osis, cardi/o, my/o
(b) -ary, coron/o, arteri/o
(c) -pathy, cardi/o, my/o
Which word
elements add up to
mean, “a condition
of rapid heart
action”?
(a) –osis, cardi/o, tachy(b) Tachy-, cardi/o, -ia
(c) -coron/o, tachy-

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/an
atomyvideos/000012.htm
The heart is a muscle
made up of specialized
cells and tissues. It
functions like two:
PUMPS
working at the same time
to move blood to the
entire body.
On the inside are four
chambers (small
compartments): the two
chambers on the top
are called atria, and the
two chambers on the
bottom are called
ventricles.
Atria are receiving chambers; that is, they
receive blood from other parts of the body.
The ventricles, in turn, receive blood from the
atria and then pump the blood out of the heart
through the blood vessels.
The heart also has
four valves (similar to
doors) that open and
close to allow blood to
flow properly through
the heart’s chambers.
Connected to the heart are a number of
blood vessels (smooth tubes) which carry
blood to and from the heart.

Blood vessels comprise the vascular system
that is associated with the heart. That is why
it is referred to as the Cardiovascular system.
(1) What comprises the
cardiovascular system?
a.
Heart and lungs
b.
Heart and blood
vessels
c.
Heart and brain
(2) What are the
receiving chambers of
the heart called?
a.
Ventricles
b.
Blood vessels
c.
Atria
(2) What are the
pumping chambers of
the heart called?
a)
Ventricles
b)
Blood vessels
c)
Atria
(2) What keeps blood
flowing in the correct
direction within the
heart?
a)
Ventricles
b)
Blood vessels
c)
Valves
(2) What does “vascular”
refer to?
a)
Ventricles
b)
Blood vessels
c)
Atria
The heart’s primary job is to get
Oxygen-rich blood to the brain and all other
vital organs and tissues in order for the whole
body to survive and thrive.
The heart pumps two kinds of blood:

Oxygen-rich blood (oxygenated)
-and-

Oxygen-poor blood (deoxygenated)
Oxygen-rich blood is pumped to the brain and
body’s organs and tissues. This is called:
systemic circulation
Oxygen-poor blood is pumped to the lungs to
pick up more oxygen. This kind of circulation is
called:
pulmonary circulation
Once the blood has
picked up more oxygen
from the lungs, it
returns to the heart to
be pumped to the
brain and organs and
tissues throughout the
body.
Together, systemic circulation and
pulmonary circulation comprise the complete
cardiac cycle.
Watch this short video:
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/anat
omyvideos/000067.htm
The heart is able to
sustain this activity
because it has an
electrical system that
triggers the pumping
action.

Watch this short video:
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/anat
omyvideos/000021.htm
32
The heart’s chambers alternate between the
contracting/pumping phase—systole—and
the relaxation/refilling phase—diastole.
(2) What is the heart’s
primary job or
function?
a)
Attach to the blood
vessels
b)
Pump oxygen-rich
blood to the brain and
organs of the body
c)
Refill after rest
(2) What is it called when
the blood is pumped to
the brain and body’s
organs and tissues?
a)
Systemic circulation
b)
Pulmonary circulation
c)
systole
(2) What is it called when
the heart pumps
oxygen-poor blood to
the lungs to pick up
oxygen?
a)
Systemic circulation
b)
Pulmonary circulation
c)
diastole
(2) What is systole ?
a)
Relaxation/refilling
phase of a cardiac
cycle
b)
Pumping/contracting
phase of a cardiac
cycle
c)
Blood pressure
(2) What is diastole?
a)
Relaxation/refilling
phase of a cardiac
cycle
b)
Pumping/contracting
phase of a cardiac
cycle
c)
Blood pressure
Pathological Conditions
Things can go
wrong. . .
There are many things that can
go wrong with the heart and
blood vessels.
Coronary Artery Disease
(CAD) is the narrowing
of the coronary arteries
to the extent that
blood supply to the
heart muscle is
moderately to severely
limited or blocked.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=quoR8YP
nYy4&feature=channel

Infarct: (noun) A small localized area of dead
tissue resulting from failure of blood supply.

Infarction: (noun) The formation of an
infarct

Ischemia: (noun) An inadequate blood
supply to a part of the body, especially the
heart muscles.
43
ANGINA PECTORIS
Angina Pectoris is severe pain
around the heart. This pain is
due to lack of blood/oxygen
supply to the heart muscle.
With rest and reduced
activity, the pain will go away
within 5-15 minutes.
MYCARDIAL INFARCTION
Myocardial Infarction (MI) is a
full-blown heart attack. The
symptoms are similar to
Angina Pectoris. However,
rest does not solve the
problem. The artery is
completely blocked and the
heart muscle begins to starve
for oxygen and die.
45
Aneurysm (pronounced:
AN-yoo-rizm) is a
localized sac-like bulge in
the wall of an artery. It
usually forms at a weak
point in the arterial wall.
It can rupture and lead to
serious internal bleeding.
Arteriosclerosis (also
called Atherosclerosis)
Watch the short video:
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/
medlineplus/ency/anat
omyvideos/000006.ht
m
Hypertension is a
condition in which the
patient has a higher
blood pressure than
normal (exceeds 140/90
mmHg).
49

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/an
atomyvideos/000013.htm
50
Essential hypertension
 Accounts for 90 percent of all hypertension
 No single known cause
 Secondary hypertension
 Due to underlying cause
 Malignant hypertension
 Severe and rapidly progressive
 Diastolic pressure higher than 120 mmHg

51
 Inflammation of a vein associated with
the formation of a thrombus (clot)
▪ Usually occurs in an extremity, most
frequently a leg
52


Superficial Thrombophlebitis
 Usually obvious
 Accompanied by cordlike or thready
appearance to the vessel
Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
 Occurs primarily in lower legs, thighs, and
pelvic area
 Characterized by aching or cramping pain in
legs
53
54
 Extremely rapid, incomplete contractions of the
atria resulting in disorganized and uncoordinated
twitching of the atria
▪ Rate of contractions may be as high as 350 to
600 beats per minute
55
 Rapid, tremulous (quivering like a bowl of Jell-O)
and ineffectual contractions of the ventricles
▪ No audible heartbeat
▪ No palpable pulse
▪ No respiration
▪ No blood circulation
▪ If prolonged, will lead to cardiac arrest
56
 An interference with the normal conduction
of electric impulses that control activity of
the heart muscle
57
 Condition in which the ventricles of the heart beat
at a rate greater than 100 beats per minute
▪ Characterized by three or more consecutive
premature ventricular contractions
 Also known as V-tach
58
MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Also known as a HEART ATTACK
My/o =
Muscle
cardi =
Heart
-al =
Pertaining to
Simple definition: Pertaining to the heart
muscle
Infarct = Death of tissue
-ion =
Process or action
Simple definition: Process or action of
death of tissue
So, putting all of it
together, we could make
a simple definition for
“Myocardial Infarction”:
“Pertaining to death
(process of dying) of the
heart muscle.”
(1) What is the definition
you learned for
“Pathological”?
a.
Pertaining to the
heart
b.
Pertaining to
discomfort
c.
Pertaining to the
knowledge/study of
diseases
(2) Which of the
following choices are
good examples of
signs and symptoms
related to problems
with the heart and
blood vessels?
a.
Choking, coughing
b.
Anxiety, chest pain
c.
Runny nose,
headache
(3) What does “coronary”
mean?
a.
Pertaining to muscle
b.
Pertaining to the
blood vessels
c.
Pertaining to the
heart
(4) Which term means
“pertaining to the
heart muscle”?
a.
Coronary
b.
Myopathy
c.
Myocardial
(5) What does the term
“disease” mean when
defined by its parts?
a.
To undo comfort
b.
To undo stress
c.
Too much ease
What word element
means:
Angi/o
“vessel”
68
What word element
means:
Arteri/o
“Artery”
69
What word element
means:
Ather/o
“fatty”
70
What word element
means:
“Heart”
Card/i &
Coron/o
71
What word element
means:
ech/o
“Sound”
72
What word element
means:
endo-
“within”
73
Read the article aloud in your small groups and
list three things that were new information to
people in your group.