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Unit 6:
Cardiovascular, Lymphatic,
& Digestive Systems
HS111-Medical Terminology
Seminar
May 23rd – 29th, 2012
Learning Activities for this week
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Complete Reading – Ch. 10 & Ch. 11
Participate in Discussion
Participate in Seminar – Opt. 1 or Opt. 2
Take Quiz by Tuesday
No project due this week (or next week)
Chapter 10:
Cardiovascular, Immune, and
Lymphatic Systems and Blood
Functions & Organs Involved
 Cardiovascular System – pumps and transports blood
throughout the body
 Consists of heart and closed network of blood vessels
composed of arteries, veins, and capillaries
 Heart pumps blood containing O2 and nutrients to body
tissues (arteries)
 There is an exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste
between blood and body (capillaries)
 The blood carrying CO2 and waste is carried from tissues
through veins to organs of excretion
The Heart
Functions Cont.’d
 Blood – maintains internal
balance in the body;
includes transportation,
protection, and regulation
 8% of body weight
Functions Cont.’d
 Lymphatic System – 3 functions
Return excessive tissue fluid to the blood
2. Absorb fats and fat-soluble vitamins from small
intestine and transport them to the blood
3. Provide defence against infection
 Functions through a network of vessels, ducts, nodes,
and organs
 Structures include lymph, lymphatic vessels and nodes,
spleen, and thymus gland
1.
Functions Cont.’d
 Immune System – protects body against pathogens, foreign
agents that cause allergic rxns or toxins, and abnormal body cells
 Doesn’t have its own organs or structures
 It’s function depends no organs and structures of other systems
 Three lines of defense:
1. Prevention of foreign substances from entering in the body
2. Includes inflammation and fever plus phagocytosis (process in
3.
which some WBCs destroy invading microorganisms); also
activated are protective proteins and natural killer cells
Specific immunity – provides protection against specific
pathogens (such as polio) by forming specific antibodies
Combining Forms of these Systems
Angi/o............................................................vessel (usually blood)
Aort/o......................................................................................aorta
Arteri/o....................................................................................artery
Atri/o.....................................................................................atrium
Cardi/o.....................................................................................heart
Lymphaden/o................................................................lymph node
Lymph/o..........................................................lymph, lymph tissue
Myel/o........................................................................bone marrow
Phleb/o, ven/o...........................................................................vein
Plasm/o.................................................................................plasma
Splen/o..................................................................................spleen
Thym/o.......................................................................thymus gland
Valv/o, valvul/o.......................................................................valve
Ventricul/o..........................................................................ventricle
More Combining Forms
Ather/o........yellowish, fatty
plaque
Ech/o.........................sound
Electr/o................electricity
Isch/o.................deficiency,
blockage
Therm/o........................heat
Thromb/o......................clot
Prefixes & Suffixes
Prefix
Brady-........................slow
Suffixes
-ac.................pertaining to
-apheresis............removal
-graph..............instrument
used to record;
record
-odynia.......................pain
-penia.................abnormal
reduction in #
-poiesis..............formation
-sclerosis.........hardening
QUIZ – define
Give me the definition:
1.
Angi/o/scopy
2.
Ech/o/cardi/o/gram
3.
Cardi/ac
Disease & Disorder Terms
Angi/o/stenosis - narrowing of a blood vessel
Arteri/o/sclerosis – hardening of the arteries
Brady/cardi/a – condition of a slow heart (<60 bpm)
Isch/emia – deficiency of blood flow
Tachy/cardi/a – abnormal state of rapid heart (>100 bpm)
Hemat/oma – tumor of blood
Lymph/oma – tumor of lymphatic tissue; malignant
Splen/o/megaly – enlargement of the spleen
Aneurysm – ballooning of weakened portion of an arterial wall
Cardiac arrest – sudden cessation of cardiac output and effective
circulation; requires CPR
Myocardial infarction – heart attack
Anemia – reduced in the amount of hemoglobin in RBCs
Surgical Terms
Angi/o/plasty – surgical repair of a blood vessel
Phleb/ectomy – excision of a vein
Splen/ectomy – excision of the spleen
Cardiac pacemaker – battery-powered apparatus
implanted under the skin w/leads placed on heart or in
the chamber of the heart
Bone marrow transplant – infusion of normal bone
marrow cells from a donor w/matching cells and tissue
to a recipient w/a certain type of leukemia or anemia
Diagnostic Terms
Angi/o/scopy – visual exam of a blood vessel
Echo/cardi/o/gram (ECHO) – record of heart using sound
Electr/o/cardi/o/gram (ECG, EKG) – record of the electrical
activity of the heart
Blood pressure – pressure exerted by the blood against the
vessel walls (normal 120-80)
Sphygmomanometer – device used to measure bp
Lipid profile – blood test used to measure the amt of lipids in
a sample of blood
Complementary Terms
Cardiac – pertaining to the heart
Hypothermia – condition of temp
that is below (normal)
Intravenous (IV) – pertaining to
w/in the vein
Phlebology – study of veins
Hemostasis – stoppage of bleeding
Hypertension – high bp (over
140/90)
Anticoagulant – agent that slows
the clotting process
Antibiotic – drug that targets
microorganisms to kill or halt
growth or replication
*Abbreviations on p.455-456*
Who needs a break??
Chapter 11:
Digestive System
Functions & Organs Involved
 Digestive Tract – aka. alimentary canal or




gastrointestinal tract or GI tract
The organs involved form a continuous tract from
mouth to anus
Prepares ingested food for use by the body cells
through physical and chemical digestion
Eliminates the solid waste products from body
Organs involved include mouth, throat, esophagus,
stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus
Organs
Combining Forms of
Digestive Tract Terms
An/o.................................................anus
Antr/o..........................................antrum
Cec/o............................................cecum
Col/o, colon/o................................colon
Duoden/o...............................duodenum
Enter/o.......................................intestine
Esophag/o...............................esophagus
Gastr/o.......................................stomach
Ile/o...............................................ileum
Jejun/o.......................................jejunum
Or/o, stomat/o..............................mouth
Proct/o, rect/o..............................rectum
Sigmoid/o.........................sigmoid colon
More Combining Forms
Abdomin/o, celi/o,
lapar/o................................abdomen
Cheil/o.............................................lip
Chol/e....................................gall, bile
Gingiv/o.......................................gum
Gloss/o, lingu/o........................tongue
Pancreat/o..............................pancreas
Sial/o..................saliva, salivary gland
Steat/o.............................................fat
Prefixes & Suffixes
Prefix
Hemi-..........................half
Suffix
-pepsia................digestion
QUIZ QUIZ QUIZ QUIZ
Give me the definition=>
1.
Enter/o
2.
Gastr/o
Breakdown this term into
word parts:
1. gastroenterocolitis
Medical Terms
Chol/e/cyst/itis –
inflammation of
gallbladder
Diverticul/itis –
inflammation of a
diverticulum
Proctoptosis – prolapse of
the rectum
Disease & Disorder Terms
Cirrhosis – chronic dz of liver w/gradual destruction of
cells and formation of scar tissue; cause = alcoholism
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) – abnormal
backward flow of GI contents into esophagus, causing
heartburn and gradual breakdown of mucous barrier of
esophagus
Hemorrhoid – varicose vein in rectal area
Ulcerative col/itis – inflammation of colon w/formation
of ulcers
Surgical Terms
An/o/plasty – surgical repair of anus
Col/o/stomy – creation of an artificial opening into the
colon (through abdomen wall); used for passing stools
Gloss/o/rrhaphy – suture of the tongue
Bariatric surgery – surgical reduction of gastric capacity
to treat morbid obesity
Hemorrhoid/ectomy - excision of hemorrhoids
Diagnostic Terms
Esophag/o/gram – radiographic image of the esophagus
(aka barium swallow or esophagram)
Colon/o/scopy – visual exam of the colon
Endo/scopy – visual exam w/in a hollow organ
Lapar/o/scope – instrument used for visual exam of the
abdominal cavity
Upper GI series – series of radiographic images taken of
the stomach and duodenum after barium has been
swallowed
Complementary Terms
Dys/pepsia – difficult digestion
Nas/o/gastr/ic – pertaining to nose and stomach
Oral – pertaining to mouth
Proct/o/logy – study of rectum
Sublingual – pertaining to under the tongue
Ascites – abnormal collection of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
Diarrhea – frequent discharge of liquid stool
Emesis – vomiting
*Abbreviations at the end of the chapter*
Good night & have a great
Memorial Day weekend!