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Cardiovascular Unit (Day 4)
Bell Ringer:
 On a piece of paper, write your name
and today’s date
 Do not use your notes!!!
 Write the process of how “bad” blood
becomes “good” blood.
 Include all the chambers, valves,
arteries, veins, and lungs.
Bell Ringer Answer
Deoxygenated blood goes through the Vena Cava, the largest veins in the
body; into the right atrium, the upper right chamber of the heart. The right
atrium squeezes blood through the tricuspid valve filling the right
ventricle, the lower right chamber of the heart. The right ventricle contracts
and sends the blood through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary
arteries which carry blood to the lungs where, when you breathe, the blood
loses carbon dioxide and picks up oxygen. The pulmonary veins carry
oxygenated blood back to the heart into the left atrium, the upper left
chamber of the heart. The left atrium contracts and sends blood through the
mitral valve filling the left ventricle, the lower left chamber of the heart. The
left ventricle pumps the blood through the aortic valve into the aorta, the
largest artery in the body. The aorta branches off into numerous smaller
arteries that carry oxygenated blood to the rest of the body The body takes
the oxygen out of the blood and uses it in your body's cells. It all happens in
less than a minute.
Diseases of the Cardiovascular
System
Cardiovascular disease isn't an actual disease in
itself.
Rather, it refers to a wide range of disorders
affecting not only the heart (cardio), but the blood
vessels (vascular) as well.
Since the heart and blood vessels work as one
"system," disorders of the heart or of the blood
vessels can affect your overall cardiovascular
health.
Heart Disorders Video Clip
Cardiovascular System
When a person's arteries are healthy, the walls are
smooth, and there's plenty of room for the blood to
flow freely.
Diseased arteries are so clogged with fatty
deposits that there's very little room left for the
blood.
Because the blood vessel is so narrow, a clot can
block the flow of blood entirely, causing a heart
attack or a stroke.
Heart attack
Heart attack - When blood flow to the
heart stops.
During a heart attack, blood flow to part of
the heart is blocked and that part of the
heart muscle is damaged. The heart may
then beat with an abnormal rhythm, but the
heart doesn't necessarily stop beating
altogether.
Cardiac arrest
Cardiac arrest- The heart does stop beating
and the resulting loss of blood flow to the
brain causes an immediate loss of
consciousness. Cardiac arrest happens
suddenly and it must be treated immediately
by emergency procedures or death will
shortly follow.
Stroke
Stroke - when blood flow to the brain is
affected
Hypertension
People who suffer from hypertension have
consistently high blood pressure.
High Blood Pressure (Hypertension) means that
the pressure your blood exerts against the walls of
the blood vessels is dangerously high.
This excess pressure weakens artery walls and
decreases their elasticity, forcing the heart to pump
harder.
Hypertension cont’d
Arteries can also break due to this excess
force and can cause hemorrhage (excessive
bleeding). The effects of hypertension can
be felt throughout the entire cardiovascular
system, and people with this disease are at
risk of damaging their heart, kidneys, eyes,
and even their brain.
An aneurysm is an area of unusual bulging or ballooning of
one of the arteries in the body.
Coronary heart disease
Or coronary artery disease (CAD)
Arteries have different names, depending on
what part of the body they supply
Those supplying the heart itself are called
coronary arteries.
When these arteries are affected, the result
is coronary heart disease.
Coronary heart disease
Coronary heart disease results from the
coronary arteries becoming narrowed with
fatty deposits on the inside wall. This
narrowing reduces flow of blood to the
heart and increases the chances of a blood
clot blocking the artery, resulting in a heart
attack.
Causes of coronary heart disease
Things you can change:
High Blood Pressure
Cholesterol
Being over Weight
Lack of Exercise
Stress
Smoking
Drinking Alcohol
Causes of coronary heart disease
Things you can not change:
Age
Sex
Family History
Heart Disease Prevention
What we eat, how much we exercise, how
we react to stress, our family history, our
blood pressure and whether or not we abuse
tobacco, alcohol or other drugs has a direct
impact on our heart and circulatory system.
Often, the progression of heart disease can
be arrested with a careful combination of
medical attention and lifestyle changes.
A person who wants to prevent
heart disease should:
Quit or don't start smoking.
Reduce the amount of fat in the diet
Restrict the intake of cholesterol
Eat a varied diet that emphasizes whole
grains, vegetables, fruits and whole grain
breads and pastas.
Prevention cont’d
Exercise regularly.
Maintain a healthy weight.
Learn to manage stress.
Watch your blood pressure.
For things you can not change:
A person's age, sex, family history, medical history
and other health and environmental factors can
also affect the tendency to develop heart disease.
The best way to start protecting against heart
attack is to know your personal risk factors and to
tailor your lifestyle changes to suit your particular
medical needs.
For additional advice on developing good eating
habits or an exercise program, ask your healthcare
provider for specific information and referrals to
support groups or other medical specialists.
Affects of Exercise on the Heart
Affects of Diet on the Heart
Finally…
It is never too late to reduce
your risk of developing
coronary heart disease.
As soon as you do something
about risk factors, your chances
improve and you reduce the risk
of a heart attack.
The End!!