Download CP Organic Compounds

UNIT 1
Section 2.3
Carbon Compounds
A. CARBON COMPOUNDS
1.
Organic
compounds-any
substance
structurally
containing Carbon
a)
Hydrogen, Oxygen, and
Nitrogen are usually
bonded to Carbon
B. LARGE CARBON MOLECULES
1.
2.
3.
Monomer: single molecular unit
Polymer:
Macromolecule:
C. MOLECULES OF LIFE
1.
4 organic compound classifications:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Carbohydrates (_______)
Proteins (_________)
Lipids (_______)
Nucleic Acids (_______)
D. CARBOHYDRATES
1.
2.
3.
Carbohydrates (Carbs.): made of ___________
Name of Carb will end in “ose”
3 types
a)
b)
c)
Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides
D. CARBOHYDRATES
4.
Monosaccharide:
a)
b)
c)
Monomer of carbs
Simple Sugar
Example: _________

___________ is used for energy to do cell activities
D. CARBOHYDRATES
5.
Disaccharides:
a.
b.
c.
Two Monosaccharides
Double sugar
Example: Sucrose=
E. CARBOHYDRATES
6.
Polysaccharide:
a)
b)
Three or more monosaccharides
Example: _______(stored sugar)
c.
Glycogen – animal
starch
•
d.
Stored in liver and
muscles to provide
power and regulate
blood sugar levels.
Plant starch
•
Stores energy for
future use. Example:
potatoes & carrots
e.
Cellulose
•
•
f.
Makes up cell
walls: plants
Strength, rigidity,
flexibility: plants
Chitin –
exoskeletons of
insects
7. FOODS THAT HAVE LOTS OF
CARBOHYDRATES FALL INTO 2 CATEGORIES
a.
Simple carbs


b.
Sugars
Highly processed
grains – white bread,
white rice, & pasta
Complex carbs

Whole grain foods,
fruits and vegetables
E. PROTEINS
1. Used to carry out cell activities like:






Muscle contraction
Biological reactions
Enzymes
Antibodies
Transportation
Structure and Support
E. PROTEINS
2.
Amino Acids: the
building blocks of
proteins
a)
b)
R-Group- 20 different
Changing the R-Group will
change the shape of
protein, changing the
protein’s _________
E. PROTEINS
3.
4.
Peptide Bond: bond
formed between
_______________
Polypeptide:
_______ Amino
Acids bonded
together
F. LIPIDS
1.
2.
3.
Lipids (fats): large, nonpolar organic molecules
that do not dissolve in water
Store energy efficiently
Fatty Acids: building blocks of lipids
FATTY ACID
G. LIPIDS
b)
Triglycerides:

c)
Provides more energy than carbs & proteins
Phospholipids:

Forms cell membrane
PHOSPHOLIPID
G. LIPIDS
Waxes:
d)

Structural lipids, waterproof, used for protection
Steroids:
e)

Makes up hormones & cholesterol
H. NUCLEIC ACIDS
Nucleic Acids: contain genetic (hereditary)
information
1.



Composed of ________ (monomers)
DNA (polymer):
RNA (polymer):