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Ancient Rome and Early Christianity CHAPTER 6 The Roman Republic The Roman Empire The Rise of Christianity The Fall of the Roman Empire Our Major Players: 1. Hannibal 2. Julius Caesar 3. Augustus 4. Jesus 5. Constantine 6. Diocletian THE ROMAN REPUBLIC Greece is in decline Rome was developing! Grew from a small settlement to a civilization ONE OF THE MOST INFLUENTIAL AND FAMOUS EMPIRES IN HISTORY. FYI According to legend The city of Rome was founded by Romulus and Remus Twin sons of the God Mars and a Latin princess Abandoned on the Tiber River and raised by a shewolf The twins decided to build a city Reality… Earliest settlers arrived in Prehistoric times But from 1000-500 BC, 3 groups established the region Battled for control LATINS, GREEKS and ETRUSCANS Latins were the originals in Rome (1st Romans) The Greeks Arrive! 750-600 BC The Greeks establish colonies along southern Italy and Sicily Now Romans are in closer contact with Greeks ETRUSCANS native to Italy Influenced the Romans Alphabet, architecture Rome is growing… From a collection of hilltop villages to… A city that covered nearly 500 square miles FORUM heart of Roman political life Last king of Rome Tarquin the Proud Harsh tyrant Romans were OVER IT. Established: RES PUBLICA (Public Affairs) REPUBLIC a form of government in which power rests with citizens who have the right to vote for their leaders. (free-born male citizens) Power Struggle PATRICIANS wealthy landowners that held the most power PLEBEIANS common farmers, artisans, and merchants Patricians claimed inherent power Plebeians could vote but not hold office Plebeians could elect representatives! TRIBUNES Tribunes protected the rights of the Plebeians The 12 Tablets Important victory for the Plebeians Creation of Rome’s written laws!!! Established the idea that all free citizens had a right to the protection of the law Who does this sound like?...set of laws? Draco Government under the Republic Romans writers Rome achieved a balanced gov. FYI: taken the best features of: MONARCHY gov. by a King ARISTOCRACY gov. by nobles DEMOCRACY gov. by the people Instead of a King… Consuls two officials with limited power Senate upper class. Had great influence (300 members) In times of Crisis…. The Republic would choose a… DICTATOR a leader with absolute power to make laws and control the army Power lasted 6 months The Roman Army Great value on army strength FYI: If you owned land you served LEGIONS: large military units Infantry + cavalry = key factor to Rome’s rise to greatness MILITARY ORGANIZATION Rome spreads its power… By 265 masters of all of Italy Lenient policy for conquered people Helped to establish a long lasting empire GREAT LOCATION FOR TRADE Other large cities were developing…CARTHAGE North African coast direct opposition to Rome Punic Wars Total of 3 Wars 1st Carthage defeated, Rome takes control of Sicily 2nd HANNIBAL 29 year old brilliant Carthaginian general 50,000 men 9,000 cavalry 60 elephants CAPTURE ROME Hannibal crosses the Alps Loses half of his men and elephants Inflicts enormous losses on the Romans However, Rome regroups with the aid from allies Prevents Hannibal from capturing Rome SCIPIO Roman military leader Attacks Carthage forces Hannibal to return home 3rd Punic War Rome takes Carthage City set on fire, people sold into slavery Aftermath? DOMINANCE GROWING EMPIRE…. https://www.youtube.com/watc h?v=sZF28Lp5XIo