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Week #1 Quarter 2 (10/16-10/18)
(calendar site)
Warm Up – Wed/Thurs, 10/16 & 10/17
I.S. Learning Goal:
•I can describe the features and components
of the atom.
Daily Question: What are the feature and
components of the atom?
Activities/Assignments:
1. Sign-up for Reminder 101
2. Quarter Reflection Sheet
3. Facebook Notebook Cover
4. Review notes on:
 Matter
 Atomic Models
Pick Up:
 Worksheets on
table
Have out:
Worksheets you
picked up
Homework:
1. Weekly Check Sheet
due Monday, 10/21
2. New Notebook due
Monday for a stamp
3. Memorize the first 20
elements on the
periodic table for a
test on 11/13 or 11/14
She says she is not a victim and
will NEVER give up! So
inspirational!
She was 14 when she was shot, and is now 16 about to get a
Nobel Peace Prize for her fight for education.
You fill in with S, N, or U
You write Comments
I stamp each day
Parents sign on weekend for each day
Quarter Reflection Sheet
Complete the handout and turn in front bin!
Facebook Page Cover for Notebook
Quietly Create your Facebook Page Cover sheet for your notebook
•
Write your First and Last Name above the word “wall”.
•
In the “Search Button” write “I.S. Quarter 2”.
•
In the “What are you doing?” box write “Chemistry and Astronomy Unit”.
•
Answer the questions:
• Personal Learning Goal for this Quarter (list 5)
• What will you do to reach this goal? (list 5)
• What do you know about Chemistry and Astronomy? (list 2)
• List 2 clubs, sports or other activities you do (school appropriate)
• Who are your friends who can help you reach your goals? (list 2)
• Who in your family can help you reach your goals? (list 2)
•
Draw two pictures relating to Chemistry or Astronomy in the box on the top left using 4
colors.
DATE
PAGE #
PAGE TITLE
DATE
PAGE #
PAGE TITLE
10/16 &
10/17
1
Table of
Contents
10/16 &
10/17
2
Table of Contents
10/16 &
10/17
3
Quarter
10/16 &
Reflection Sheet 10/17
4
Matter Graphic
Organizer
10/16 &
10/17
5
Diagram Models 10/16 &
Worksheet
10/17
6
Atomic Structure
Graphic
Organizer
LEARNING GOAL & SCALE
What students will be able to apply by the end of this course?
Students use scientific processes: questioning, planning and conducting investigations, using
appropriate tools and techniques to gather data, thinking critically and logically about
relationships between evidence and explanations, and communicating results.
What students will be able to do by the end of this unit according to State Standards?
Learning Goals:
I can understand how to identify, categorize, and organize substances.
5
85% & Above
4
75%
Mastery
3
60%
2
50%
1
25%
In addition to Level 4, I can make connections to real-world applications and content
in other Investigative Science units.
I can correctly:
 Describe substances based on their physical properties.
Describe substances based on their chemical properties.
Predict properties of elements and compounds using trends of the periodic table (e.g.,
metals, non-metals, bonding – ionic/covalent).
Describe the following features and components of the atom:
o protons
o neutrons
o electrons
o mass
o organization
o structure
o number and type of particles
I can correctly complete most of Level 4.
I can correctly complete Level 4 only with guidance.
I am unable to complete Level 4, even with guidance.
Complete Matter Graphic Organizer
The Building Blocks of Matter:
Atoms
-
++ +
+ + +
+ +
-
-
-
-
Complete Matter Graphic Organizer
Matter
• Anything that has mass and takes up
space (volume)
– Examples:
•
•
•
•
A brick has mass and takes up space
A desk has mass and takes up space
A pencil has mass and takes up space
Air has mass and takes up space
All of the above examples are considered matter because
they have mass and take up space. Can you think of anything
that would not be considered matter?
I.S. Learning Goal:
•I can describe the features and components of the atom.
Matter is made of atoms
Complete Diagram Models Worksheet
Models
Models are often used for
things that are too small or too
large to be observed or that
are too difficult to be
understood easily
Complete Diagram Models Worksheet
Models
In the case of atoms, scientists use
large models to explain something that
is very small
Models of the atom were used to
explain data or facts that were gathered
experimentally.
So, these models are also theories
Complete Diagram Models Worksheet
Early Models of the Atom
Democritus
Universe was made
of empty space and
tiny bits of stuff
Called these tiny
bits of stuff atomos
Atoms could not be
divided
Complete Diagram Models Worksheet
Early Models of the Atom
Lavoisier
Demonstrated that
burning wood
caused no change
in mass
Law of Conservation
of Matter
Complete Diagram Models Worksheet
Early Models of the Atom
Dalton
All elements are composed of indivisible
particles.
Atoms of the same element are the same
Atoms of different elements are different.
Compounds consisted of atoms of different
elements combined together
Complete Diagram Models Worksheet
Early Models of the Atom
Thomson
Plum pudding model
Atom made of a
positively charged
material with the
negatively charged
electrons scattered
through it.
Complete Diagram Models Worksheet
Early Models of the Atom
Rutherford
Mostly empty space
Small, positive
nucleus
Contained protons
Negative electrons
scattered around the
outside
Complete Diagram Models Worksheet
Early Models of the Atom
Bohr
Electrons move in
definite orbits
around the nucleus
Complete Diagram Models Worksheet
Early Models of the Atom
Chadwick
Discovered the neutron
Complete Diagram Models Worksheet
Modern Model of the Atom
The electron cloud
Sometimes called
the wave model
Spherical cloud of
varying density
Varying density
shows where an
electron is more or
less likely to be
I.S. Learning Goal:
•I can describe the features and components of the atom.
Week #1 Quarter 2 (10/16-10/18)
(calendar site)
Warm Up – Friday, 10/18
I.S. Learning Goal:
•I can describe the features and components
of the atom.
Daily Question: What are the feature and
components of the atom?
Activities/Assignments:
1. Structure of an Atom
2. Periodic Table Warm-up Review
3. Forces in an Atom Notes
Pick Up:
 Worksheets on
table
Have out:
Worksheets you
picked up
Homework:
1. Weekly Check Sheet
due Monday, 10/21
2. New Notebook due
Monday for a stamp
3. Memorize the first 20
elements on the
periodic table for a
test on 11/13 or 11/14
LEARNING GOAL & SCALE
What students will be able to apply by the end of this course?
Students use scientific processes: questioning, planning and conducting investigations, using
appropriate tools and techniques to gather data, thinking critically and logically about
relationships between evidence and explanations, and communicating results.
What students will be able to do by the end of this unit according to State Standards?
Learning Goals:
I can understand how to identify, categorize, and organize substances.
5
85% & Above
4
75%
Mastery
3
60%
2
50%
1
25%
In addition to Level 4, I can make connections to real-world applications and content
in other Investigative Science units.
I can correctly:
 Describe substances based on their physical properties.
Describe substances based on their chemical properties.
Predict properties of elements and compounds using trends of the periodic table (e.g.,
metals, non-metals, bonding – ionic/covalent).
Describe the following features and components of the atom:
o protons
o neutrons
o electrons
o mass
o organization
o structure
o number and type of particles
I can correctly complete most of Level 4.
I can correctly complete Level 4 only with guidance.
I am unable to complete Level 4, even with guidance.
DATE
PAGE #
PAGE TITLE
DATE
PAGE #
PAGE TITLE
10/16 &
10/17
1
Table of
Contents
10/16 &
10/17
2
Table of Contents
10/16 &
10/17
3
Quarter
10/16 &
Reflection Sheet 10/17
4
Matter Graphic
Organizer
10/16 &
10/17
5
Diagram Models 10/16 &
Worksheet
10/17
6
Atomic Structure
Graphic
Organizer
10/18
7
Periodic Table of 10/18
Elements Warmup Review
8
Forces of an Atom
Graphic Organizer
Complete Atomic Structure Graphic Organizer
Atoms
• Smallest possible unit
into which matter can
be divided, while still
maintaining its
properties.
-
-
+
+
+
+
-
-
• Made
up of:
For example, what is the
+
– protons
smallest possible unit
which a long essay can be
– into
neutrons
divided and still have some meaning?
– electrons -
• The solar system is
commonly used as an
analogy to describe the
structure of an atom
Complete Atomic Structure Graphic Organizer
Atoms are so small that…
•
•
•
•
•
•
it would take a stack of about
50,000 aluminum atoms to equal
the thickness of a sheet of
aluminum foil from your kitchen.
www.deckersfoods.com
if you could enlarge a penny until
it was as wide as the US, each
of its atoms would be only about
3 cm in diameter – about the
size of a ping-pong ball
a human hair is about 1 million
C-C-C-C-C-… + 999,995 more
carbon atoms wide.
a typical human cell contains
roughly 1 trillion atoms.
1 trillion atoms 
a speck of dust might contain
.
3x1012 (3 trillion) atoms.
Is made of approximately 3 trillion atoms
it would take you around 500
years to count the number of
atoms in a grain of salt.
Just one of these grains
Complete Atomic Structure Graphic Organizer
Protons (+)
• Positively charged
particles
• Help make up the
nucleus of the atom
• Help identify the atom
(could be considered an
atom’s DNA)
• Equal to the atomic
number of the atom
• Contribute to the
atomic mass
• Equal to the number of
electrons
-
+
++
+ ++
+
+ +
-
-
Complete Atomic Structure Graphic Organizer
Neutrons
-
++ +
+ ++
+ +
-
-
• Neutral particles;
have no electric
charge
• Help make up the
nucleus of the
atom
• Contribute to the
atomic mass
Complete Atomic Structure Graphic Organizer
Electrons (-)
• Negatively charged particles
• Found outside the nucleus of
the atom, in the electron
orbits/levels; each orbit/level
can hold a maximum number
of electrons ( 1st = 2, 2nd = 8, 3rd =
8 or 18, etc…)
• Move so rapidly around the
nucleus that they create an
electron cloud
• Mass is insignificant when
compared to protons and
neutrons
• Equal to the number of
protons
• Involved in the formation of
chemical bonds
-
-
++ +
+ ++
+ +
-
-
Complete Atomic Structure Graphic Organizer
Hydrogen (H) Atom
• Notice the one electron in the first orbital
+ = 1
-
= 0
-
= 1
+
Even though there are no neutrons present,
Hydrogen is still considered an atom
How many
more
electrons
can fit in
the 1st
orbital/
level?
Complete Atomic Structure Graphic Organizer
Oxygen (O) Atom
• Notice the two electrons in the first orbital/level
and the six in the second
+ = 8
-
= 8
-
-
= 8
++ +
+ + +
+ +
-
-
-
-
How many
more
electrons
can fit in
the 2nd
orbital/
level?
Complete Atomic Structure Graphic Organizer
Sodium (Na) Atom
• Notice the two electrons in the first orbital/level,
eight in the second, and one in the third
-
+ = 11
-
= 12
-
-
= 11
++ +
+ + +
+ +
-
-
-
-
-
How many
more
electrons
can fit in
the 3rd
orbital/
level?
Complete Atomic Structure Graphic Organizer
The Atom’s “Center”
• Protons and neutrons are grouped together to
form the “center” or nucleus of an atom.
Notice that the electrons are not apart of the nucleus
-
+
+ +
-
-
Complete Atomic Structure Graphic Organizer
QUARKS
• Particles that make up protons and neutrons
Notice the
smaller
particles
that make
up this
neutron
after you
take a
closer look.
+
What do you notice about the number
of quarks in the neutron and proton?
Notice the
smaller
particles
that make
up this
proton
after you
take a
closer look.
Complete Atomic Structure Graphic Organizer
Sub-Atomic Particles
Weight Comparison
(protons, neutrons, electrons)
Neutron = 1.6749286 x10-27 kg
Proton = 1.6726231 x10-27 kg
Electron = 9.1093897 x10-31 kg
- - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1839 electrons = 1 neutron
+
1836 electrons = 1 proton
+
How do you think the mass of a neutron
compares to that of a proton?
1 neutron ≈ 1 proton
Complete Atomic Structure Graphic Organizer
Sub-atomic Particles
Size Comparison
(protons, neutrons, electrons, & quarks)
-
-
Size in
atoms
Size in
meters
(m)
Atom
1
10-10
Nucleus
__1__
10,000
10-14
Proton or
Neutron
___1___
100,000
10-15
++ +
+ + +
+ +
Electron
or Quark
_____1____
100,000,000
10-18
-
-
-
(at largest)
-
-
Complete Atomic Structure Graphic Organizer
Atomic Number
• The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
-
-
+
++
What would be the
atomic number of
this atom?
-
Complete Atomic Structure Graphic Organizer
Mass Number
•
•
The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom’s nucleus
Expressed in Atomic Mass Units (amu)
– Each proton or neutron has a mass of 1 amu
What would be the mass
number of this atom?
+
-
 3
+
++
 4
3 protons + 4 neutrons =
a mass number of 7 amu
Why did we not account for the
electrons when calculating the
mass number?
-
-
I.S. Learning Goal:
•I can describe the features and components of the atom.
Complete the
Periodic Table of
Elements Warmup Worksheet
12 minutes!!
Complete Periodic Table of Elements Warm-up worksheet
If there are only about 100
types of elements in the
world, why are there so
many different kinds of
matter?
Complete Periodic Table of Elements Warm-up worksheet
Elements can combine in many
different ways to form many
different types of matter.
Complete Periodic Table of Elements Warm-up worksheet
Where are the metals,
nonmetals, and metalloids
located in the periodic table?
Complete Periodic Table of Elements Warm-up worksheet
• Metals - are on the left side
• Nonmetals – are on the right side
• Metalloids – are on a slanting line between
the metals and nonmetals
Complete Periodic Table of Elements Warm-up worksheet
Which group of elements on the
periodic table does not readily
combine with other elements?
Complete Periodic Table of Elements Warm-up worksheet
Group 18 - the Noble Gasses
Complete Periodic Table of Elements Warm-up worksheet
Describe
metalloids.
Complete Periodic Table of Elements Warm-up worksheet
Elements having properties of both
metals and nonmetals.
Complete Periodic Table of Elements Warm-up worksheet
Germanium, with an atomic number of 32,
is not a metal or a non-metal, but a
metalloid.
– Describe where metalloids are found on
the periodic table, with respect to the
metals and non-metals.
Complete Periodic Table of Elements Warm-up worksheet
Metalloids are found in between metals and nonmetals on the periodic table. Their position tells us
that they have some of the characteristics of
metals and some characteristics of non-metals. For
example, germanium conducts electricity, but not
as well as true metals.
Complete Periodic Table of Elements Warm-up worksheet
Elements are organized in the periodic table in
such a way that there are patterns of elements
placed close together that have similar
properties. For example, knowing the properties
of one element in a column of the periodic table
will help a person predict the properties of
other elements in that same column.
–Describe two properties common to elements
found at the far left of the periodic table.
–Describe two properties common to elements
found at the far right of the periodic table.
Complete Periodic Table of Elements Warm-up worksheet
On the far left side of the periodic table the
elements are all metals. So, they are solids
at room temperature and are good
conductors of heat and electricity.
One the far right side of the periodic table,
the elements are gases at room
temperature. They are colorless and nonreactive.
I.S. Learning Goal:
•I can describe the features and components of the atom.
Complete Forces of an Atom Graphic Organizer
FORCES IN THE ATOM
• Gravitational Force
• Electromagnetic Force
• Strong Force
• Weak Force
Complete Forces of an Atom Graphic Organizer
Gravitational Force
• The force of
attraction of
objects due to
their masses
• The amount of
gravity between
objects depends on
their masses and
the distance
between them
Do you think this force plays a significant
role in holding the atom together?
Complete Forces of an Atom Graphic Organizer
Electromagnetic Force
• The force that
results from the
repulsion of like
charges and the
attraction of
opposites
• The force that holds
the electrons around
the nucleus
Why are neutrons not
pictured above?
+ +
+
- Notice how the
particles with the same
charge move apart and
the particles with
different charges
move together.
Complete Forces of an Atom Graphic Organizer
Strong Force
• The force that
holds the atomic
nucleus together
• The force that
counteracts the
electromagnetic
force
If you need help
remembering
strong force,
just think of…
Notice how the electromagnetic
force causes the protons to repel
each other but, the strong force
holds them together.
+
+
+
+
Would an atom have a
nucleus if the strong
force did not exist?
Weak Force
• This force plays a key
role in the possible
change of sub-atomic
particles.
– For example, a neutron
can change into a
proton(+) and an
electron(-)
Notice how the original
particle changes to something
new.
n
+-
• The force responsible
for radioactive decay.
– Radioactive decay 
process in which the
nucleus of a
radioactive (unstable)
atom releases nuclear
radiation.
If you need help
remembering
weak force, just
think of…
I.S. Learning Goal:
•I can describe the features and components of the atom.