Download Biology 118, Oct. 13, 2016 Exam 1, Version C Name

Biology 118, Oct. 13, 2016 Exam 1, Version C Name _________________________________ Mark your name, ID number, & test version (A, B, C, D...) on your answer sheet. You can keep this list of exam questions. You may write on it if you wish. Marking & keeping this test is the only way you will know the answers on your mark-­‐sense form. Each question has only 1 correct answer. Use a pencil to bubble in your choice on mark-­‐sense form. If you need clarification for a question, raise your hand & stay in your seat. If you are stumped by a question, place a mark by it, and return to it later. Answer these questions on your own after class after you see your test results), if you want to meet with Dr. Self or Dr. Petersen to discuss how to improve: How will you change your study habits or try to sharpen specific skills? Please be specific. Did you come to all of the lectures? If not, why not? What was your total study time (hours)? ________________________ What % of that total study time contributed most to your understanding of the exam material? ____________ % Reading the book or your notes ____________% Watching lectures on Panopto ____________% Creating summaries of each lecture ____________% Attending a peer review ____________% Working with your own study group Estimate the % of points you lost to each of the following: ________% Didn’t understand a major concept. Concept was ____________________________ ________% Question was too specific (i.e. missed out on some depth in the material) ________% Wasn’t careful (i.e. careless mistakes in reading or filling in bubble sheet) ________% Other reasons (please specify) ____________________________________________ Biology 118, Exam 1C, Autumn 2016
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Fig. A
Fig. B
T2D = type II diabetes Levelt E, Pavlides M, Banerjee R, et al. 2016. J Am Coll Cardiol 68:53–63. Fig. C
Fig. E
Fig. D
Fig. F
Females standardized mortality ratio (SMR) over their lifetime. Each line shows SMR based on age of onset of type II diabetes. Al-Saeed AH, Constantino MI, Molyneaux L, et al. 2016. Diabetes Care 39(5): 823-829.
Fig. G
Biology 118, Exam 1C, Autumn 2016
Fig. H
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ADP = adenosine diphosphate
ATP = adenosine triphosphate
BMI = body mass index
BMR = basal metabolic rate
DNA = deoxyribonucleic acid
ER = endoplasmic reticulum
H+ = hydrogen ions
SA = surface area
RNA = ribonucleic acid
SMR = standardized mortality ratio
T2D = Type II Diabetes
V = volume
1.
Which line in Fig. A best shows the trend in H+ concentration (Y-axis) if the X-axis is pH?
a. U
b. Z
c. V
d. M
2.
Which line in Fig. A best shows the normal homeostatic response of ventilation rate (Y-axis) if the X-axis is blood pH?
a. Z
b. V
c. M
d. U
3.
Which line in Fig. A best describes the kinetic energy of molecules (Y-axis) if the x-axis is temperature?
a. M
b. Z
c. T
d. V
4.
Which line in Fig. A best describes the rate of diffusion (on the y-axis) if the x-axis is kinetic energy?
a. V
b. T
c. Z
d. M
5.
Which line in Fig. A best describes the SA/V ratio (Y-axis) of a cell if the X-axis is the diameter of that cell?
a. M
b. Z
c. T
d. V
6.
Which line in Fig. A best describes the change in BMR (kJ/m2/hour) (on the Y-axis) with age (on X-axis)?
a. U
b. T
c. Z
d. M
7.
Which line in Fig. A best shows the trend in energy state (Y-axis) of a protein folding (X-axis) into its final normal tertiary shape?
a. V
b. U
c. M
d. Z
8.
Which line in Fig. A best shows how solid a fat would be at room temperature (Y-axis) if the X-axis is the % of saturated fatty acids?
a. V
b. M
c. Z
d. T
Biology 118, Exam 1C, Autumn 2016
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9.
In Fig. H, which enzyme is ideally suited to work inside of a lysosome?
a. All will work well in a lysosome.
b. X
c. W
d. Y
10. If extracellular fluid = _____ mosmoles, your brain cells may swell up and malfunction. (Normal cell osmolarity = 300 mosmoles)
a. All of these
b. 400
c. 100
d. 300
11. Which molecule can use simple diffusion to rapidly cross a plasma membrane?
a. None of these
b. Protein
c. Fatty acid
d. Glycogen
12. Which molecule has both hydrophilic & hydrophobic regions that help it emulsify lipids in the intestines?
a. Glycogen
b. Bile salts
c. Simple Sugar
d. Cholesterol
13. Which food is more likely to be described as healthy by the general public, but a nutritionist would not?
a. Granola bar
b. Orange
c. French fries
d. Quinoa
14. What tissue type(s) is/are found in the stomach (organ)?
a. All of the these
b. Epithelial
c. Muscle
d. Neural
15. The chemical bond in ____ provides the most energy for cellular work in the body.
a. All bonds provide the same energy.
b. NaCl
c. O=O
d. H-H
16. In Fig. D, which of these act as the “effectors” in this homeostasis feedback?
a. TSH
b. Target cells
c. Hypothalamus
d. Anterior Pituitary
17. Given these values, how much should you eat in order to lose weight: Ework = 1500 cal/day, Eheat = 500 cal/day
a. 1800 cal/day
b. 2500 cal/day
c. 2000 cal/day
d. 2200 cal/day
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18. Which organelle is non-membranous?
a. Lysosome
b. Centrosome
c. Endoplasmic reticulum
d. Gogli Apparatus
19. Which event occurs within the nucleus of a cell?
a. DNA replication (copying)
b. Lysosome formation
c. Translation of proteins
d. Protein folding
20. Blood pressure is regulated by _____ feedback, so over time (on X-axis) blood pressure (Y-axis) will be closest to line ___ in Fig. A.
a. negative – V
b. positive - M
c. negative – Z
d. positive – Z
21. To synthesize insulin, _____ is copied to form a template of ______ that is “translated” into insulin’s sequence of amino acids.
a. DNA – mRNA
b. RNA – mRNA
c. DNA – mDNA
d. RNA – mDNA
22. In Fig. C, the organelles _______ modify the shapes of _______ before they are exported from the cell.
a. 8 & 13 – proteins
b. 8 & 13 – lipids
c. 5 & 6 – proteins
d. 5 & 6 – lipids
23. As stem cells differentiate into the different types of epithelial cells in the pancreas, they become ______ capable of ongoing mitosis
& _______ unique in their gene expression.
a. More – less
b. Less – more
c. Less – less
d. More – more
24. In Fig. C the organelle labeled _____ forms the ________ that pulls apart the paired chromosomes during mitosis.
a. 13 - microfilaments
b. 13 – mitotic spindle
c. 9 – mitotic spindle
d. 9 – microfilaments
25. Carbonic acid, part of our blood buffer system, is an example of a _______ acid because ________ molecules will ionize in water.
a. strong, some
b. strong, all
c. weak, some
d. weak, all
26. The ability of _____ and other molecules to dissolve in water is due to their ________.
a. weak acids, small size
b. fatty acids, charge
c. cholesterol, small size
d. ions, charge
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27. Chronic hyperglycemia may lead to _______ cell inflammation & death in the pancreas, and ultimately _______ Diabetes.
a. alpha – Type II
b. alpha – Type I
c. beta – Type II
d. beta – Type I
28. __________ bonds between water molecules are possible because water has _______.
a. Hydrogen, polar covalent bonds
b. Ionic, non-polar covalent bonds
c. Hydrogen, a neutral pH
d. Ionic, a basic pH
29. Under extreme starvation conditions, blood acidosis can occur when ______ are made during _______ metabolism.
a. carbohydrates, glycogen
b. fat cells, muscle
c. fatty acids, glucose
d. ketones, fatty acid
30. The cilia in the airways require ______ to activate the arms on its _______, and move substances over the surface.
a. Microfilaments – microtubules
b. Microtubules – microfilaments
c. ATP – microtubules
d. ADP – microfilaments
31. If a protein folds abnormally, it often has a ______ energy state than the normal version, so a healthy cell will send the abnormal
protein to the ________ so it can be broken down.
a. higher – lysosome
b. lower - lysosome
c. higher – nucleus
d. lower – nucleus
32. In the pancreas _____ secretes digestive enzymes or hormones and _______ tissue provides structural support.
a. muscle cells, epithelial
b. epithelial cells, connective
c. connective tissue cells, muscle
d. neural cells, connective
33. Villi and microvilli are examples of structures that ______ surface area to speed up ________ in the intestines.
a. increase, absorption
b. decrease, propulsion
c. decrease, enzyme activity
d. increase, mechanical digestion
34. In Fig. F, SMR is highest amongst diabetic women when they are _____ and that the ____ the onset of diabetes, the greater the
increase in a woman’s SMR.
a. elderly – later
b. elderly – earlier
c. middle-aged – later
d. middle aged – earlier
35. When blood (plasma) glucose falls below normal, alpha cells of the pancreas release _____ glucagon leading to _____ in plasma.
a. more – more glucose
b. less – more glucose
c. more – fewer fatty acids
d. less – fewer fatty acids
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36. If your body temperature moves above its tolerance limits, ______ will restore you to a normal range.
a. only medical intervention
b. enzyme activity
c. positive feedback
d. negative feedback
37. Scientists recommend that our diets be ______ in lipids in general, but that we should choose lipids rich in ______.
a. low – omega-3 (polyunsaturated) fatty acids
b. high – monounsaturated fatty acids
c. low – saturated fatty acids
d. high – cholesterol
38. Fig. G shows an amino acid that has a _______ remainder group that will associate with ______ groups when a protein folds.
a. Non-polar – polar
b. Polar - polar
c. Non-polar –non-polar
d. Polar – non-polar
39. In Fig. E, the digestion of ________ is the slowest because it has relatively _______ fiber than the other foods shown.
a. carrots – less
b. brown rice - less
c. carrots – more
d. brown rice – more
40. The human body stores energy as ____________ because of their high energy content & relative ________.
a. protein & cholesterol – large size
b. glucose & triglycerides – large size
c. glycogen & triglycerides – compactness
d. starch & cholesterol – compactness
41. Parietal cells use ____ to concentrate H+ in the lumen of the stomach; vomiting of stomach fluids may cause body wide _______.
a. active transport – acidosis
b. active transport – alkalosis
c. facilitated diffusion – acidosis
d. facilitated diffusion – alkalosis
42. Someone who is insulin resistant, will have ______ GLUT4 transporters in muscle & adipose cells than normal, and as a result, this
person will be __________ unless taking medication to regulate their blood sugar.
a. More – hyperglycemic
b. Fewer – hyperglycemic
c. More – hypoglycemic
d. Fewer – hypoglycemic
43. Water diffuses across a plasma membrane _____ than ions such as sodium (Na+) because water molecules are ______.
a. faster – smaller
b. slower – more numerous
c. faster – larger
d. slower – fewer in number
44. The _____ SA/V of the inner membrane of the mitochondria ______ ATP production.
a. high – increases
b. low - increases
c. high – decreases
d. low – decreases
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45. To make ATP, the mitochondria require _____ to completely break down glucose into ______ + water.
a. Carbon dioxide (CO2) – pyruvate
b. Oxygen (O2) – pyruvate
c. Oxygen (O2) – Carbon dioxide (CO2)
d. Carbon dioxide (CO2) – Oxygen (O2)
46. The catabolic processes of autophagy by _______ within a cell, promote _______.
a. Golgi apparatus – overall cell health
b. Golgi apparatus – sudden cell death
c. lysosomes – overall cell health
d. lysosomes – sudden cell death
47. The circulatory system is composed of the heart and blood vessels, which are in turn composed of cells. This is an example of
a. negative feedback
b. Bloom’s taxonomy
c. homeostasis
d. hierarchical organization
48. Which actions have been proven by scientists to be the best ways students can improve their memory & performance on tests?
a. Adequate sleep & practicing recall
b. Sleeplessness & practicing recall
c. Adequate sleep & re-reading notes
d. Sleeplessness & re-reading notes
49. Which statement is TRUE for Fig. B?
a. Healthy individuals have the highest liver triglycerides.
b. Healthy individuals & type II diabetics have the same triglyceride content in their livers.
c. Lean type II diabetics have more triglycerides in their liver than obese T2D.
d. Obese type II diabetics have the highest liver triglycerides.
50. Which of the following is TRUE in the feedback system shown in Fig. D, knowing that thyroid hormones help regulate your BMR?
a. Thyroid hormones have a negative feedback effect on target cells.
b. Your BMR will fluctuate a lot with this feedback system.
c. TSH has a negative feedback effect on the hypothalamus.
d. Thyroid hormones have a positive feedback effect on the hypothalamus & anterior pituitary.
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