Download Regulation NERVOUS CONTROL CHEMICAL CONTROL I. How

Regulation
the life function that deals with the
I. How Regulation is Regulated…
(in animals), depends mainly on the
functioning of nerve cells ( __________ )
control and coordination of all life
activities (____________) of an organism
there are two types of regulation; each
uses special control mechanisms
NERVOUS
CONTROL
CHEMICAL
CONTROL
1) stimulus
___________________________________
3) impulse
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
transmitted to and from the ___________
________________ when a receptor
picks up a stimulus or sends a response
examples: light, sound, images, heat,
chemicals
2) receptors
____________________________________
____________________________________
different receptors pick up different stimuli
organ examples: eyes, ears, skin
4) response
____________________________________
____________________________________
can be a physical movement, a gladular
response (pit in stomach), etc.
5) effectors
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
examples: muscles or glands
A RECAP OF WHAT HAPPENS
bell rings
ears pick up sound
messages sent
student wants to go
muscles in leg/body move
1) dendrites
___________________________________
Nervous system cells
Neuron
signal
direction
___________________________________
2) cyton (soma)
a nerve cell
___________________________________
dendrites
___________________________________
3) axon
cell body
___________________________________
___________________________________
axon
4) terminal branches
signal direction
synapse
___________________________________
___________________________________
5) synapse
Myelin coating
signal
direction
________________________________
________________________________
Axon coated with _________
made of myelin cells
speeds signal
signal hops from node to node
330 mph vs. 11 mph
myelin coating
_________________
immune system (T cells) attacks myelin coating
loss of signal
6) neurotransmitters
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________;
“continues” the electric impulse with
chemicals!
travel from the
____________________
of one neuron to the
__________ of another
neuron
ex. acetylchoine
ex. serotonin
ex. dopamine
ex. GABA
Fun facts about neurons
Most specialized cell in
animals
Longest cell
blue whale neuron
10-30 meters
giraffe axon
5 meters
human neuron
1-2 meters
Nervous system allows for
1 millisecond response time
Types of neurons
III. Chemical Control
A) Hormones
___________________________________
similar to nerve control, however…
NEURONS are not used to send
messages, specific chemicals called
hormones are used
hormones are also called ____________
_________________
A) Hormones
they are produced in glands (in us)
which secrete them into the
______________; this transports the
hormone to a _________________ which
will react a certain way
hormones can either stimulate ________
or inhibit __________ a reaction
endocrine gland
axon
receptor proteins
receptor proteins
target cell
notice that both nervous and chemical control use
some type of chemical picked up by receptors!
A) Hormones
hormones (in animals) control:
B) Adaptations of Chemical Control
1) plants
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
Shape of hormone is
important! They are
proteins… shape
determines everything!
plant hormones are chemicals produced by
cells which primarily affect
______________________ of other cells
_________________________________________
_________________________ (root tips, stem,
buds, seeds)
a plant growth (mistakenly called a movement)
because of a stimulus is called a ____________
phototropism—response to
geotropism—response to
hydrotropism—response to
thigmotropism—response to
insulin
the plant hormones that are responsible
for this kind of growth or “movement”
are called _________
B) Adaptations of Chemical Control
2) animals
different than chemical control in plants
because there are certain tissues (only)
that produce hormones
these are called _____________________
in one place in the organism
hormones carried by the _________________