Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Atoms and Electrons Practice Name: ______________________ 1. The person who first postulated the concept of the nuclear atom was A) Bohr C) Moseley E) Avogadro 7. Which electron transition absorbs the most energy? B) Dalton D) Rutherford 2. Rutherford discussed experiments providing evidence that atomic nuclei are A) B) C) D) E) positively charged and close together negatively charged and close together positively charged and far apart negatively charged and far apart neutral and close together A) B) C) D) E) 3. The values for the emission spectrum of hydrogen was first explained by A) B) C) D) E) 8. Which of the following statements are true? the Aufbau principle Rutherford's empty space theory Hund's Rule the Heisenberg uncertainty principle the Bohr model of the atom I. The energy of electromagnetic radiation increases as its frequency increases. II. The energy of an atom is increased as it emits electromagnetic radiation. III. An excited atom returns to its ground state by absorbing electromagnetic radiation. IV. The frequency and wavelength of electromagnetic radiation are inversely proportional. V. An electron in the n = 3 state in the hydrogen atom can go to the n = 1 state by emitting electromagnetic radiation at the appropriate frequency. 4. According to the Bohr model of the atom, atoms can only absorb energy at certain wavelengths because A) Atoms of different elements contain different numbers of protons B) Electrons can only exist in certain energy levels C) Most of the atom contains empty space D) Atoms of different elements contain different numbers of electrons E) None of the above 5. What is the shell configuration of electrons for neutral atoms of nickel, 28Ni, in the ground state? A) 2–8–16–2 C) 2–8–8–10 E) 2–8–16–28 A) II, III, and V only C) I, II, and III only E) II, III, and V only A) B) C) D) E) B) 2–8–10–8 D) 2–18–8–0 pulls a proton out of the nucleus pulls a neutron out of the nucleus is changes from a particle to a wave moves from a higher to a lower energy level moves from a lower to a higher energy level H-Chemistry B) III and IV only D) I, IV, and V only 9. The light from fluorescent lights, when analyzed in a spectrometer, exhibit the same lines in the yellow, green and blue spectral regions. This is evidence that 6. A single burst of light is released from an atom. A likely explanation of this observation would be that an electron A) B) C) D) E) A B C D This diagram does not give enough information to tell. fluorescent lights contain fluorine gas air is present in all fluorescent lights there are no gases present in fluorescent lights the same element is present in all the fluorescent lights different elements are present in each fluorescent light 10. Sunlight, when viewed through a prism or a diffraction grating, shows all of the colors of visible light. This is an example of a A) bright line spectrum C) infrared spectrum E) ultraviolet spectrum Page 1 B) continuous spectrum D) visible spectrum Dr. Powell 11. Movement of an electron from the 5 th to the 1st energy level in an atom is: A) B) C) D) E) 17. Which of the following explains why the electron configuration below cannot exist? exothermic and absorbs energy. exothermic and evolves energy. endothermic and absorbs energy. endothermic and evolves energy. neither exothermic nor endothermic. A) B) C) D) E) 12. How many energy levels are shown in the electron configuration? 1s2 2s22p6 3s23p63d10 4s24p3 A) 3 B) 4 C) 8 D) 18 E) 33 18. Which of the following could not represent the electron configuration of a neutral atom in the ground state? 13. Which is the shape of a p–orbital? A) spherical C) clover leaf E) pointed A) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s23p4 C) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s33p4 E) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1 B) propeller D) dumbbell 14. Which of the following scientists proposed the theory that it is impossible to simultaneously determine the exact momentum and position of particle A) Niels Bohr C) Werner Heisenberg E) Josiah Gibbs Hund's Rule Pauli exclusion principle Heisenberg uncertainty principle Rutherford's empty space model It can exist B) 1s2 2s2 2p2 D) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 19. The ground state electronic configuration for an atom of neon, 2010Ne, is A) 1s2 2s2 C) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1 E) ls2 2s4 2p4 B) Dmitri Mendeleev D) Wolfgang Pauli B) ls2 2s2 2p6 D) ls2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 20. Consider the orbital diagram. 15. Which of the following explains why the electron configuration below cannot exist? The species that has this orbital configuration is A) B) C) D) E) Hund's rule Pauli exclusion principle Heisenberg uncertainty principle Bohr's model of the atom it can exist A) 137N C) 2713Al3+ E) None of the above B) D) 2713Al 3115P3- 21. Consider the orbital diagram 16. Which of the following explains why the electron configuration below cannot exist? The species that does not have this orbital occupancy pattern is A) A) B) C) D) E) Hund's rule Pauli exclusion principle Heisenberg uncertainty principle Bohr's model of the atom It can exist H-Chemistry 4018Ar B) 3416S C) 3717Cl- D) 3919K+ E) 3216S2– 22. Which electronic configuration is most characteristic of a nonmetallic element? A) 1s22s22p63s1 C) 1s22s22p63s2 E) 1s22s22p63s23p5 Page 2 B) 1s22s22p63p1 D) 1s22s22p63s23p1 Dr. Powell 23. The atomic number of an electrically neutral element with an electron configuration 1s22s22p1 is A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 32. Which group is arranged correctly in order of increasing energy for electrons in an element? E) 5 A) 2s, 4p, 3d C) 3p, 4s, 3d E) 3p, 4s, 4d 24. In the excited state, a possible electron configuration of aluminum, 13Al, is A) B) C) D) E) 33. How many electrons are in each orbital of a completed 2p–sublevel? 1s 22s 22p 63s 3 1s 22s 22p 63s 23d 1 1s 22s 22p 63s 23p 1 1s 22s 22p 63s 23d 64s 24p 1 1s 22s 22p 63s 23p 2 A) 1 A) zinc C) nickel E) chlorine 1s22s22p63s23p63d74s2 B) 2 C) 3 D) 7 E) 9 A) 3 1s22s22p63s23p63d74s2 B) 7 C) 12 D) 15 E) 27 C) 12 D) 15 E) 27 A) B) C) D) E) 29. How many electron–pairs are there in neutral atoms of cobalt, 27Co? B) 11 C) 12 D) 13 A) [Ar] C) [Ar] 3d84s3 E) [Ar] 3d94s2 H-Chemistry B) n2 3d64s5 B) [Ar] D) [Ar] 3d104s1 C) 2n D) 6 E) 7 D) 2n2 mass atomic mass nuclear mass number of valence electrons physical properties A) 8 B) 14 C) 10 D) 18 E) 2 39. How many valence electrons are in an arsenic atom with the electron structure [Ar] 3d104s24p3 A) 2 31. Which general expression is used to find the maximum number of electrons which exist in a given shell? A) n C) 5 38. The number of valence shell electrons in a calcium atom, 20Ca, is E) 27 30. What is the correct electron configuration for element 29, Cu, in the ground state? 3d94s2 B) 4 37. The chemical properties of an atom depends primarily upon the atom’s 1s22s22p63s23p6 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s04p1 1s22s22p93s23p63d104s24p2 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p3 1s22s22p63s23p4 A) 10 B) copper D) chromium a spherical shell containing electrons a cloud which is always perfectly circular a cloud with hundreds of electrons in it the figure formed by the extremely rapid motion of electrons E) a probability function 28. Which is an ‘impossible’ configuration? A) B) C) D) E) E) 6 A) B) C) D) 1s22s22p63s23p63d74s2 B) 7 D) 4 36. An electron orbital is best described as 27. How many orbitals are in neutral atoms of this element? A) 4 C) 3 35. How many valence electrons does oxygen have? 26. How many subshells are shown in this configuration? A) 4 B) 2 34. Which neutral element has the electron configuration 1s2 2s22p63s23p63d54s1? 25. How many unpaired electrons are in this atom? A) 0 B) 3s, 3d, 3p D) 2p, 2s, 1s B) 3 C) 5 D) 10 E) 15 E) 2n – 2 Page 3 Dr. Powell 45. I. An atom of 23Na has 23 electrons 40. The electron dot symbol for nitrogen is. BECAUSE The element represented by an identical electron dot arrangement is A) 105B B) 3115P C) 3216S D) 4020Ca II. the number of protons equals the number of electrons in a neutral atom. E) 168O A) B) C) D) I is TRUE, II is FALSE I is FALSE, II is TRUE I and II are BOTH FALSE I and II are BOTH TRUE but II IS NOT a correct explanation of I E) I and II are BOTH TRUE and II IS a correct explanation of I 41. What is the Lewis electron–dot diagram for neutral atoms of element 12? A) B) C) D) 46. I. A sodium atom becomes a positive ion when it loses an electron E) BECAUSE 42. In order for electrons to occupy the same orbital, they must have A) B) C) D) E) II. electrons have a positive charge. different magnetic quantum numbers different azimuthal quantum numbers the same spin opposite spins two electrons cannot occupy the same orbital A) B) C) D) I is TRUE, II is FALSE I is FALSE, II is TRUE I and II are BOTH FALSE I and II are BOTH TRUE but II IS NOT a correct explanation of I E) I and II are BOTH TRUE and II IS a correct explanation of I 43. I. Isotopes of the same element have the same electron configuration 47. I. An element with a mass number of 20 has 20 electrons when it forms a 1+ ion BECAUSE BECAUSE II. only their number of neutrons differ. A) B) C) D) I is TRUE, II is FALSE I is FALSE, II is TRUE I and II are BOTH FALSE I and II are BOTH TRUE but II IS NOT a correct explanation of I E) I and II are BOTH TRUE and II IS a correct explanation of I 44. I. The electron configuration of Cr is [Ar]3d54s1 BECAUSE II. ions are formed to complete the outer valence shell. A) B) C) D) I is TRUE, II is FALSE I is FALSE, II is TRUE I and II are BOTH FALSE I and II are BOTH TRUE but II IS NOT a correct explanation of I E) I and II are BOTH TRUE and II IS a correct explanation of I II. all sublevels in the 3rd principal energy level are half-filled before the next principal energy level is filled. A) B) C) D) I is TRUE, II is FALSE I is FALSE, II is TRUE I and II are BOTH FALSE I and II are BOTH TRUE but II IS NOT a correct explanation of I E) I and II are BOTH TRUE and II IS a correct explanation of I H-Chemistry Page 4 Dr. Powell 48. I. An element with an atomic number of 19 has 20 electrons when it forms a 1+ ion 50. I. Two electrons filling the same orbital in a given sublevel of an atom must have opposite spins BECAUSE BECAUSE II. positive ions are formed by losing electrons. A) B) C) D) I is TRUE, II is FALSE I is FALSE, II is TRUE I and II are BOTH FALSE I and II are BOTH TRUE but II IS NOT a correct explanation of I E) I and II are BOTH TRUE and II IS a correct explanation of I 49. I. Na+ is a positively charged ion II. Hund’s Rule states that when electrons occupy orbitals of equal energy, one electron occupies each orbital in a given sublevel before there is any pairing. A) B) C) D) I is TRUE, II is FALSE I is FALSE, II is TRUE I and II are BOTH FALSE I and II are BOTH TRUE but II IS NOT a correct explanation of I E) I and II are BOTH TRUE and II IS a correct explanation of I BECAUSE II. it has less electrons than protons. A) B) C) D) I is TRUE, II is FALSE I is FALSE, II is TRUE I and II are BOTH FALSE I and II are BOTH TRUE but II IS NOT a correct explanation of I E) I and II are BOTH TRUE and II IS a correct explanation of I H-Chemistry Page 5 Dr. Powell