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Astronomy 101, Exam #3 A gName__________________________________________________________________ _ No notes, No books; You can use calculators; Pick the best answer for each question. Constants that you may need to know: c = 3 x 108 m/s 1 AU = 1.49 ×1011 meters 1 light year = 9.46 × 1015 meters h = 6.626 x 10-34 J●s G = 6.67 × 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2 g = 9.8 m/s2 σ = 5.67 x 10-8 W m-2 K-4 mass of Earth = 5.97 × 1024 kg mass of Moon = 7.35 x 1022 kg radius of Earth = 6.38 × 106 m 1 nm = 1 x 10-9 meters mass of Sun = 1.99 x 1030 kg mass of Jupiter = 1.90 x 1027 kg radius of Jupiter = 7.15 × 107 m radius of Moon = 1.74 × 106 m 1) Assume that 239U has a half-life of 23 minutes and decays into 239Np. You initially start with 400 grams of pure 239U. How many grams of 239U will you have in 46 minutes? A) 25 grams B) 50 grams C) 75 grams D) 100 grams E) 12.5 grams 2) If you date all these following sets of objects, which of them would you expect to have the oldest formation (crystallization) ages on average? A) B) C) D) E) Ten random meteorites from the Moon Ten random meteorites from asteroids Ten random igneous rocks from the Earth Ten random metamorphic rocks from the Earth Ten random sedimentary rocks from the Earth 3) Assume that 40K has a half-life of 1.25 x 109 years and decays into either 40Ar or 40Ca. You initially start with 500 grams of pure 40K. How many grams of 40K will you have in 2.5 x 109 years? A) 50 grams B) 100 grams C) 125 grams D) 250 grams E) 500 grams Astronomy 101, Exam #3 A 4) Which is true about P- and S-waves? A) P-waves cannot travel through liquids while S-waves cannot travel through solid material. B) P-waves can travel through liquids while S-waves cannot travel through solid material. C) P-waves and S-waves cannot travel through liquids. D) P-waves cannot travel through solid material while S-waves cannot travel through liquids. E) P-waves travel faster through a solid than S-waves. 5) Who was the first person to walk on the Moon? A) B) C) D) E) Buzz Aldrin Stan Love Neil Armstrong Tom Jones John Glenn 6) A large portion of the Moon’s surface was thought to be completely molten. This molten part of the Moon was called a … A) B) C) D) E) Igneous Sill Lava Sea Magma Ocean Volcano Pangea 7) Why is part of the core of the Earth thought to be liquid? A) B) C) D) P-waves cannot pass through the core The density of the Earth is larger than the Moon S-waves cannot pass through the core The Earth must have incorporated a large abundance of liquid helium when it formed E) Volcanoes in the Earth allow water to sink to the core 8) The interstellar cloud that formed the Sun was primarily … A) B) C) D) E) oxygen and silicon nitrogen and helium helium and carbon hydrogen and helium iron and silicon Astronomy 101, Exam #3 A 9) Which planet has the smallest density? A) B) C) D) E) Mercury Saturn Neptune Mars Venus 10) Which gas is considered a greenhouse gas? A) Xe B) I C) He D) CO2 E) N2 11) The two most abundant elements in Saturn are … A) oxygen and carbon. B) iron and hydrogen. C) nitrogen and oxygen. D) hydrogen and helium. E) iron and helium. 12) Which is an expected difference between a sample from the Lunar Highlands and a sample of mare from Mare Imbrium? A) B) C) D) E) The sample of the Lunar Highlands will be more pyroxene-rich The sample of the Lunar Highlands will be darker The sample of the Lunar Highland will be denser The sample of the Lunar Highlands will be more aluminum-rich. The sample of the Lunar Highlands will have a younger formation age. 13) Which of these objects could potentially produce the largest Doppler shifts on the spectral lines of a star? A) A planet with the mass of Earth that is 10 AU from the star Astronomy 101, Exam #3 A B) A planet with the mass of Earth that is 1 AU from the star C) A planet with the mass of Jupiter that is 0.1 AU from the star D) A planet with a mass that is ten times that of Jupiter that is 1 AU from the star E) A planet with a mass that is ten times that of Jupiter that is 0.5 AU from the star 14) What types of rocks are found on the surface of the Earth? A) just igneous rocks B) just sedimentary rocks C) just metamorphic rocks D) just metamorphic and sedimentary rocks E) igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks 15) Plate tectonics describes … A) B) C) D) E) the large scale motions of Earth's asthenosphere. the large scale motions of Earth's lithosphere. The convection in the Earth’s core The capture of charged particles in the Van Allen Radiation belts The formation of the Moon’s crust 16) Which is not true about the Earth’s atmosphere? A) B) C) D) E) protects life on Earth by absorbing ultraviolet solar radiation warms the surface of the Earth through heat retention reduces temperature extremes between day and night. Contains more oxygen than argon Contains more carbon dioxide than oxygen 17) The mission to discover Earth-like planets is called the … A) B) C) D) E) Apollo mission Kepler mission Newton mission Einstein mission Copernicus mission 18) Why are Jupiter-sized planets easier to discover around other stars than Earthsized planets using the Doppler method? A) Jupiter-sized planets have extensive ring systems B) C) Astronomy 101, Exam #3 A D) E) F) G) H) I) J) K) L) M) N) O) Jupiter-sized planets eject material into their star P) The higher masses of Jupiter-sized planets tend to produce smaller gravitational forces on stars than Earth-like planets at the same distances to the star Q) Jupiter-sized planets produce tremendous amount of radio waves that can be detected from Earth R) The higher masses of Jupiter-sized planets tend to produce larger gravitational forces on stars than Earth-like planets at the same distance to the star Astronomy 101, Exam #3 A 19) Which is not a difference between terrestrial planets and Jovian planets? A) B) C) D) E) Terrestrial planets are closer to the Sun than Jovian planets Terrestrial planets have more moons than Jovian planets Jovian planets have rings while terrestrial planets do not have rings Terrestrial planets have larger densities than Jovian planets Jovian planets are primarily gaseous while terrestrial planets are primarily rocky 20) Which object has the smallest density? A) B) C) D) E) Metallic iron Liquid water water ice olivine pyroxene 21) Which country launched the first spacecraft that landed on the Moon? A) B) C) D) E) Great Britain India Japan United States Soviet Union 22) Why does the Moon has so many more craters than the Earth? Give the best reason. A) The Moon is bigger than the Earth B) The Moon formed earlier than the Earth C) The Moon does not have an appreciable atmosphere D) The Moon’s surface is less dense than the Earth’s surface E) The Moon is closer to the Asteroid Belt 23) The Asthenosphere is … A) the process where hot rock rises and cooler rock falls B) the plate boundary where one tectonic plate moves under another tectonic plate C) the supercontinent that existed before the component continents separated from it. D) the mechanically weak region of the upper mantle of the Earth. E) a type of mineral. Astronomy 101, Exam #3 A 24) Pyroxene is … A) the process where hot rock rises and cooler rock falls B) the plate boundary where one tectonic plate moves under another tectonic plate C) the supercontinent that existed before the component continents separated from it. D) the mechanically weak region of the upper mantle of the Earth. E) a type of mineral. 25) Convection is … A) the process where hot rock rises and cooler rock falls B) the plate boundary where one tectonic plate moves under another tectonic plate C) the supercontinent that existed before the component continents separated from it. D) the mechanically weak region of the upper mantle of the Earth. E) a type of mineral. 26) The core of the Earth is predominately made out of … A) B) C) D) E) Si Fe O Ni Al 27) The transit method discovers planets around other stars by … A) B) C) D) E) Looking for decreases in the brightnesses of the stars Looking for Doppler shifts of spectral lines Looking for increases in the brightnesses of the stars Looking for collisions between the planets and the stars Looking for X-ray emissions from the planets 28) A protostar becomes a star when .. A) B) C) D) E) It becomes the size of Jupiter It can fuse hydrogen into helium to produce energy It can fuse helium into carbon to produce energy It has more hydrogen than helium in its interior It reaches a temperature above 100,000 Kelvin Astronomy 101, Exam #3 A 29) Most of the lunar material that brought back to Earth was brought back by what country? A) B) C) D) E) Soviet Union United States of America Japan India China 30) A naturally occurring, homogeneous inorganic solid substance having a definite chemical composition and characteristic crystal structure is called .. A) B) C) D) E) The lithosphere A mineral A granite A sille A volatile 31) Why doesn’t the greenhouse effect increase the temperature of the Moon’s surface? A) B) C) D) E) The Moon has essentially little to no atmosphere The Moon’s atmosphere is primarily oxygen The Moon’s atmosphere is primarily helium The Moon’s atmosphere is primarily calcium The Moon is closer to the Sun than the Earth 32) Lunar regolith refers to … A) B) C) D) E) The solid Lunar core Powdery material on the surface of the Moon The water found on the South Pole of the Moon Mountains on the surface of the Moon Collapsed lava tubes on the surface of the Moon 33) Which country or countries have had citizens walk on the surface of the Moon? A) B) C) D) E) Just the United States Just the Soviet Union Just Japan Just the United States and the Soviet Union Just the United States, the Soviet Union, and Japan Astronomy 101, Exam #3 A 34) The lunar geological timescale divides the history of Earth's Moon into five generally recognized periods. The boundaries of these periods are defined by … A) B) C) D) E) The presence or absence of calcite on the surface The presence or absence of particular fossils The occurrences of particular impact craters The presence or absence of sedimentary rocks on the surface The presence or absence of an atmosphere 35) Which of these planets is not considered a terrestrial planet? A) B) C) D) E) Neptune Mars Venus Earth Mercury 36) The age of the solar system is generally believed to be approximately … A) B) C) D) E) 13.7 billion years old 9.2 billion years old 4.6 billion years old 3.7 billion years old 2.5 billion years old 37) From visually looking at photographs of the Moon, why would you say that the Lunar Highlands are older than the Lunar Maria? A) B) C) D) E) The Lunar Highlands are darker in color The Lunar Highlands are more heavily cratered The Lunar Highlands have a higher proportion of olivine The Lunar Highlands have a higher abundance of Titanium The Lunar Highlands contain higher abundances of water 38) When the Sun leaves the main sequence, it will ultimately become a … A) B) C) D) E) Black hole White dwarf Supernova Neutron star Brown dwarf Astronomy 101, Exam #3 A 39) The Earth’s atmosphere is primarily … A) oxygen B) helium C) nitrogen D) hydrogen E) argon 40) The giant impact hypothesis proposes that … A) The Earth’s oceans formed from the impact of the young Earth and a large comet B) The Earth’s core formed from the impact of the young Earth and an iron asteroid C) The Moon formed as a result of a collision between the young Earth and a Mars-sized body D) The Moon formed as a result of a collision between the young Earth and Mars E) Venus formed after a result of a collision between the young Earth and a Mars-sized body