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Biology Summer Session 2 Final Exam Review Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 1. The main function of contour feathers is to ____ 2. The structure of a bird’s heart ensures that ____ 3. If some of the xylem of a young oak tree were destroyed, it would most likely interfere with the tree’s ability to ____ 4. A four-chambered heart is found in ____ 5. One method snakes use to locate prey is to flick their tongue in the air and then draw their tongue across the roof of their mouth. In this method, the function of the tongue is to ____ 6. The water vascular system of echinoderms is involved with what function of an echinoderm? ____ 7. A plant is a(an) ____ 8. Unlike lytic viruses, lysogenic viruses do NOT ____ 9. What are reasons for the evolutionary success of insects? ____ 10. Oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse in and out of a leaf through the ____ 11. The only places on Earth where most reptiles cannot live are very ____ 12. Bacteria are sometimes called nature’s recyclers because they ____ 13. The branch of biology dealing with interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment is called ____ 14. Angiosperms produce seeds inside protective structures called ____ 15. Because bryophytes do not have vascular tissue, they ____ 16. Some products derived from algae include ____ 17. The human disease ringworm is caused by ____ 18. Which of the following should a student examine under a compound microscope to observe cell reproduction? ____ 19. Living on land required that plants ____ 20. A true digestive tract is found in ____ 21. In chordates, the long supporting rod that runs through the body is called the ____ 22. What includes a plant embryo, a food supply, and a protective covering? ____ 23. Cephalization refers to the ____ 24. Only 10 percent of the energy stored in an organism can be passed on to the next trophic level. Of the remaining energy, some is used for the organism’s life processes, and the rest is ____ 25. In earthworms, food is ground into small pieces in the ____ 26. The symbiotic relationship between a flower and the insect that feeds on its nectar is an example of ____ 27. The body of an insect is divided into a ____ 28. Without gas exchange, a plant would be unable to ____ 29. The tangled mass that makes up the body of a fungus is the ____ 30. Which substances allow algae to harvest and use the energy from sunlight? ____ 31. Which statement about Penicillium is correct? ____ 32. The easiest way to tell whether an arthropod is an insect or a spider is to ____ 33. Which part of a mammal’s brain contains a well-developed cerebral cortex—the center of thinking? ____ 34. Bread rises because fermentation by yeast produces ____ 35. When individuals in a population reproduce at a constant rate, it is called ____ 36. Blood flows through the body of a fish in a ____ 37. Unlike a dicot, a monocot has ____ 38. The sporozoan Plasmodium causes the disease known as ____ 39. Aquatic animals that strain floating plants and animals from the water they take in are ____ 40. Primary succession can begin after ____ 41. A biotic or an abiotic resource in the environment that causes population size to decrease is a ____ 42. Why don’t most parasitic flatworms need a complex digestive system? ____ 43. An animal that has distinct left and right sides shows ____ 44. Which organ is used by a cow to feed her newborn calf? ____ 45. The organ that adjusts the buoyancy of many bony fishes is the ____ 46. Bacilli, cocci, and spirilla are ____ 47. What is a way that bacteria cause disease? ____ 48. Which of the following statements about a vertebrate’s skeleton is INCORRECT? a. It supports and protects the body. b. It is an endoskeleton. c. It grows as the animal grows. d. It is made entirely of nonliving material. ____ 49. Based on their names, you know that the baboons Papio annubis and Papio cynocephalus do NOT belong to the same ____ 50. Bryophytes need standing water to ____ 51. In a frog, the cavity through which digestive wastes, urine, and eggs or sperm leave the body is the ____ 52. The upper or back side of an organism is its ____ 53. The gametophytes of gymnosperms live inside reproductive structures called ____ 54. When an animal’s environment changes, sexual reproduction improves a species’ ability to ____ 55. List all the limiting factors that control a population ____ 56. Water will move higher in a narrow glass tube than in a wide glass tube because of ____ 57. Vascular tissue in plants consists of ____ 58. Dark fuzz that grows on bread is an example of ____ 59. A vertebrate is any chordate that has a ____ 60. In what way is the body plan of a snake different from that of a typical reptile? ____ 61. An endotherm is an animal that ____ 62. In an earthworm, the dorsal blood vessel functions like a heart because it ____ 63. Xylem tissue is important to ferns because it ____ 64. Mollusks have ____ 65. What does molting enable arthropods to do? ____ 66. The work of funguslike protists and other decomposers is important in improving the quality of ____ 67. Which of the following is a function of an excretory system? ____ 68. In fishes with gills, oxygen-rich water enters through the ____ 69. The nerve cells of cnidarians make up a(an) ____ 70. People can be infected with roundworms by ____ 71. The skeleton of an echinoderm is an ____ 72. In an amoeba, a small cavity within the cytoplasm that stores food is called a ____ 73. All reptiles reproduce by ____ 74. What are the simplest animals to have body symmetry? ____ 75. One of the main functions of stems is to ____ 76. List the characteristic of all birds. ____ 77. Seed-bearing plants differ from all other plants in that ____ 78. The mammalian circulatory system consists of ____ 79. Bacteria that cause disease are called ____ 80. What does the range of a population tell you that density does not? ____ 81. Which of the following diseases is NOT caused by a bacterium? a. tooth decay b. tuberculosis c. AIDS d. Salmonella food poisoning ____ 82. A bird’s respiratory system is more efficient than that of other land vertebrates because ____ 83. Fungi that absorb food from decaying organic matter are ____ 84. Over time, nutrients at the center of a large underground mycelium become depleted, causing new mushrooms to sprout only ____ 85. Many small aquatic organisms move oxygen and carbon dioxide through their skin by the process of ____ 86. A carrot is what kind of root? ____ 87. The difference between reptilian eggs and amphibian eggs is that reptilian eggs ____ 88. Mammals are characterized by ____ 89. Why is an open circulatory system adequate for a bivalve, such as a clam, but not for a cephalopod, such as a squid? ____ 90. Describe the roles bacteria play in the environment? Figure 30-1 ____ 91. The amphibian in Figure 30-1 is a ____ 92. Which statement refers to sexual reproduction? a. All offspring are genetically identical to the parent. b. Offspring are produced from the fusion of male and female gametes. c. An organism breaks into pieces that grow into new individuals. d. New individuals are produced from outgrowths of the parent’s body wall. ____ 93. The tough outer layer of a seed is called the ____ 94. True or false: Fungi do NOT carry on photosynthesis. ____ 95. A protist is any organism that is not a plant, an animal, a fungus, or a(an) ____ 96. Why are algae considered one of the most important groups of organisms on our planet? ____ 97. Organisms that spend their entire adult lives attached to one spot are said to be ____ 98. One way an ectotherm can warm its body is to ____ 99. An endoskeleton is a ____ 100. Which type of plant lives the longest? ____ 101. Most amphibians exist as a. aquatic larvae that breathe with gills and as terrestrial adults that breathe using lungs and skin. b. aquatic larvae that breathe using lungs and skin and as terrestrial adults that breathe with gills. c. terrestrial larvae that breathe with gills and as aquatic adults that breathe using lungs and skin. d. terrestrial larvae that breathe with gills and lungs and as aquatic adults that breathe using skin. ____ 102. What might a thin tree ring indicate? ____ 103. To release heat from their bodies when necessary, some mammals use their ____ 104. A frog’s tympanic membranes would be most useful for ____ 105. An organism’s niche is ____ 106. A bird stalks, kills, and then eats an insect. Based on its behavior, which ecological terms describe the bird? ____ 107. In mammals, the amount of water in the body is controlled mainly by the ____ 108. The most general and largest category in Linnaeus’s system is ____ 109. What is the original source of almost all the energy in most ecosystems? ____ 110. In which part of a bird’s digestive system is food stored and moistened before it enters the stomach? ____ 111. When organisms move out of the population, this is known as ____ 112. A bloom is ____ 113. What is the basic structure of a virus? ____ 114. In an open circulatory system, blood ____ 115. Gases diffuse most efficiently across a respiratory membrane if the membrane is ____ 116. The population of small, photosynthetic organisms found near the surface of the ocean is called ____ 117. If a species of fish reproduces through external fertilization, that species must be ____ 118. The instructions for making new copies of a virus are ____ 119. Food stored in a refrigerator will keep longer because the bacteria that spoil food ____ 120. Many flatworms can detect changes in the amount of light in their environment using groups of cells called ____ 121. An example of an animal with a marsupium is a(n) ____ 122. Stinkhorns, which mimic the odor of rotting meat, have spores that are dispersed by ____ 123. Most lizards have all of the following EXCEPT a. clawed toes. b. a third eye. c. movable eyelids. d. external ears. ____ 124. Which of the following descriptions about the organization of an ecosystem is correct? ____ 125. The function of a placenta is to ____ 126. Roundworms have a ____ 127. A genus is composed of a number of related ____ 128. To determine whether a vertebrate is a bird or a mammal, it would be useful to know if it ____ 129. In angiosperms, reproduction takes place in ____ 130. A person who comes down with malaria can infer that he or she contracted it from ____ 131. Most of the photosynthetic activity in plants takes place in the Figure 3-1 ____ 132. The algae at the beginning of the food chain in Figure 3-1 are ____ 133. Which observation supports the statement that birds are reptilelike animals? ____ 134. The dorsal part of a turtle’s shell is called the ____ 135. The egg-laying mammals are called ____ 136. An organism that uses energy to produce its own food supply from inorganic compounds is called a(an) ____ 137. An animal is each of the following EXCEPT ____ 138. What is the only tissue that produces new plant cells? ____ 139. In the circulatory system of an adult amphibian, one loop carries ____ 140. In most fishes, the structures that are most important for obtaining oxygen from water are the Biology Summer Session 2 Possible Essays Short Answer Figure 3-1 1. Describe the role of algae illustrated in Figure 3-1. 2. Describe the graph of exponential growth. 3. How do you know that the groups Ursus maritimus and Ursus arctos are closely related? 4. Describe two roles that bacteria have in the environment. 5. What is bilateral symmetry? 6. List three features that are present in the body plan of arthropods. 7. List the four characteristics of chordates. 8. How do birds heat their bodies? 9. What are two ways in which mammals maintain homeostasis? Figure 20-2 10. Interpreting Graphics What is the serious human disease whose pathway of infection is illustrated in Figure 20-2? Figure 21-4 11. Interpreting Graphics According to Figure 21-4, what does the structure of the below-ground portion of the mycelium have in common with the structure of the fruiting body? Predicting Mushrooms sometimes grow from the trunks of trees. Which structure shown in Figure 21-4 would probably be embedded in the tree’s bark? Monocots Dicots Leaves Parallel veins Branching veins Flowers Parts in multiples of three Parts in multiples of four or five Vascular bundles in stems Scattered throughout stem Arranged in a ring Roots Fibrous Taproot Seeds One seed leaf Two seed leaves Figu re 22-4 12. Using Tables and Graphs A corn seed is a monocot. According to the table in Figure 22-4, does a corn seed have one or two seed leaves? Classifying Is the maple leaf in Figure 22-4 a monocot or a dicot? How do you know? Using Tables and Graphs How are the vascular bundles in the stem of the corn plant in Figure 22-4 arranged? Figure 23-6 16. Interpreting Graphics What do the arrows in Figure 23-6 represent? 17. How are leeches used in the practice of medicine?