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Instructor: Dr. Daniel Short Student: __________________________ /10 TEST 2 (of 3) Show all of your work. Students should use significant figures and express their answers in scientific notation. 1. Write a complete balanced equation to show the reaction between sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid. Include state symbols. 2. (a) Describe how you would accurately prepare a 1.00 L solution of 0.160 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution from solid sodium hydroxide (molar mass = 39.99 g /mol) and DI water. (b) 15.42 mL of the 0.160 M NaOH was required to reach the end-point in a titration with 25.00 mL of analyte HCl. Calculate the molarity of the HCl to 3 significant figures. 3. Balance the following reactions and then write a balanced NET IONIC equation for them: (a) AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(aq) → AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq) (b) NaOH(aq) + HNO3(aq) → H2O(l) + NaNO3(aq) (c) K2SO4(aq) + CaI2(aq) → CaSO4(s) + KI(aq) (d) HNO3(aq) + CaCO3(s) → Ca(NO3)2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g) Instructor: Dr. Daniel Short 4. Student: __________________________ Fe2O3(s) + 2Al(s) 2Fe(s) + Al2O3(s) (a) Assign oxidation numbers to the reactants in the above reaction. (b) Identify the oxidizing agent and reducing agent. (c) Name this reaction. 5. The following image represents a sample of gas at a pressure of 1 atm, a volume of 1 L, and a temperature of 25 ºC. Draw a similar picture showing what would happen if the volume were reduced to 0.5 L and the temperature increased to 250 ºC. What would the new pressure be? /10 Instructor: Dr. Daniel Short Student: __________________________ 6. Use the ideal gas law (PV = nRT) to calculate the ideal gas law constant R at standard temperature and pressure (273 K, 1.00 atm) assuming a molar volume of 22.4 L. 7. Automobile air bags inflate following a serious impact. The impact triggers the following chemical reaction: /10 2NaN3(s) → 2Na(s) + 3N2(g) If an automobile air bag has a volume of 11.8 L, how many moles of N2 does this equal? (b) According to the stoichiometry 3 moles of N2 are produced for every 2 moles of NaN3. So the number of moles of NaN3 required would be 2/3 times the amount in moles of N2. What mass of NaN3 (in g) is required to fully inflate the air bag upon impact? (Assume STP conditions). Instructor: Dr. Daniel Short 8. Student: __________________________ /10 Complete the following using the words ENDOTHERMIC, ENTHALPY, EXOTHERMIC (a) The heat evolved in a chemical reaction at constant pressure is called the change in __________________ for the reaction (ΔH). In an ______________ reaction ΔH is positive, in an _______________ reaction ΔH Is negative. (b) Hess’s Law: The change in ______________ for a stepwise process is the sum of the changes of the steps. 9. Calculate ΔHºrxn for the following reaction: Fe2O3(s) + 3CO(g) 2Fe(s) + 3CO2(g) Use the following reactions and given ΔH’s. 10. 2Fe(s) + 3/2O2(g) Fe2O3(s) ΔH = -824.2 kJ/mol CO(g) + 1/2O2(g) CO2(g) ΔH = -282.7 kJ/mol Write an equation for the formation of NaCl from its elements in their standard states. Include the value of ΔHºf. Instructor: Dr. Daniel Short Student: __________________________ /10 BONUS: During photosynthesis, plants use energy from sunlight to form glucose (C6H12O6) and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water. Write a balanced equation for photosynthesis and calculate ΔHºrxn. Equations: ΔHºrxn = Σ np ΔHºf (products) – Σ nr ΔHºf (reactants) Instructor: Dr. Daniel Short Student: __________________________ /10