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Answer Key _ Name: _ Pretest: _____/56 Posttest: _____/56 Pretest Ch. 4: Atoms and the Periodic Table You can use the periodic table in the back of your book for this. A__ name for the second “column” 1. __ on the periodic table A. alkali earth metal B. alkali metal not on periodic table C. atomic mass D. atomic number periodic table, also called a family E. Bohr Model F. electron protons, neutrons and electrons G. energy level H. group L__ number of protons + neutrons; 2. __ H__ another name for a column on the 3. __ E__ drawing of an atom that shows all the 4. __ S__ positively charged particle in the atom 5. __ O__ the last column on the periodic table; 6. __ tend to not react with anything else K. Lewis Diagram L. mass number energy level/orbital M. metal N. neutron an element O. noble gas P. nonmetal U__ an electron found in the outermost 7. __ C__ average mass of all the isotopes of 8. __ I I. ion J. isotope 9. __ __ any charged particle, an atom that has gained or lost electrons Q. orbital R. period 10. __ S. proton T. semiconductor/metalloid Q__ s, p, d, f…sublevels of the electron cloud P__ any element that tends to take electrons 11. __ U. valence electron and get a negative charge F__ part of an atom with a negative charge 12. __ T__ elements that neither give nor take electrons, 13. __ have properties of both of the other two groups G__ the first one can hold a maximum of 2 electrons, the second one 8 (max.), 14. __ 3rd one 18 (max.) and 4th one 32 (max.) M__ an element that tends to give away electrons and form positive ions 15. __ N__ part of an atom that has no charge 16. __ B__ the first column on the periodic table is also known as this; they are 17. __ highly reactive with water 18. __ K__ drawing of an atom that only shows the symbol of the atom and the valence electrons R__ another name for a row on the periodic table 19. __ D__ defined as the number of protons in an element 20. __ J__ a form of an element with a different number of neutrons 21. __ Draw/explain what the following people(s) models of atoms: developed the idea of atoms, but thought they were solid, and different from each other. 22. Greeks: agreed atoms were solid, developed the idea of atomic weights and symbols for elements 23. John Dalton: discovered the electron, negative charge in positive background material, plum pudding/chocolate chip cookie 24. JJ Thomson: discovered the nucleus of atoms and that it was positive, electrons orbit nucleus, atom mostly empty space (gold foil) 25. Ernest Rutherford: electrons orbit in specific paths called energy levels, planetary model 26. Niels Bohr: 27. Draw/explain model of the atom (called the electron cloud/quantum model): Electrons move around nucleus in energy levels (orbitals) so fast, we don’t know exactly where they are…like a cloud Fill in this table about the particles that make up the atom (1/2 pt. each): Particle: Mass: Charge: Location in atom: Involved in chemical reactions? (y/n) Proton Neutron Electron 1 amu + 1 amu 0 negligible - nucleus nucleus energy level/orbital n n n* (only valence) Fill in this table, then use the info to make the drawings below: (1/2 pt each) Element: # protons # neutrons # electrons # valence electrons Fluorine Aluminum Francium Bismuth 9 13 87 83 10 14 136 126 9 13 87 83 42. - 43. Draw Bohr models for these elements: Fluorine Aluminum 7 3 1 5 44. - 45. Draw Lewis diagrams for: Francium Bismuth Fr Bi 46. – 47. There are a number of patterns in the periodic table. Name at least one as you go across the row and at least one as you go down a column. Across rows: Atomic # goes up by 1 # protons goes up by 1 # electrons in neutral atom goes up by 1 (skip 3 – 12) # valence electrons goes up by 1 (skip 3 – 12) Energy level stays the same Down column: Energy levels goes up by 1 Same valence electrons 48. The third element in the fourth group is __ Hafnium (Hf)_. (name it) 49. The third element in the fourth family is _ Hafnium (Hf)__. (name it) 50. The third element in the fourth period is __ Scandium (Sc)__. (name it) 51. – 52. Where, in general, can I find the metals on the periodic table? What are their characteristics? Left of stair step line Give away electrons, form positive ions, good conductors of heat and electricity, ductile, malleable, shiny, solid at room temp. ( 1 liq., 0 gas) 53. – 54. Where, in general, can I find the nonmetals on the periodic table? What are their characteristics? Right of stair step line Take electrons, form negative ions, dull, brittle, good insulators of heat and electricity, most are gas at room temp. (4 solid, 1 liq.) 55. – 56. Where, in general, can I find the metalloids (semiconductors) on the periodic table? What are their characteristics? Between the other two…on stair step line Properties in between…better conductors than nonmetals, not as good as metals… semiconductors. All are solid at room temp.