Download Abdominopelvic Cavity

Week 1
Introduction to Anatomy
Objective 1 :
Anatomical Position
In the anatomic position:
the body is erect
the feet are on the floor
toes forward
upper appendages are at the sides
palms forward
face forward
Directional terms are used to describe the position of one structure
relative to the position of another structure. Directional terms always
assume that the body is in the anatomic position.
Superior: above
Inferior: below
Cranial (Cephalic):
Caudal:
Superior, Cephalic
Think of an example using these terms.
toward the head
toward the tail
Inferior, Caudal
Anterior: front
posterior: behind
Anterior (Ventral)
Ventral: toward the belly
Dorsal: toward the back
Posterior (Dorsal)
Can you think of some examples using these directional terms?
Medial:
Lateral:
Intermediate:
toward the midline
away from the midline
between a medial and a lateral structure
Medial
Lateral
Intermediate
Is the thumb medial or lateral to the middle finger?
Think carefully before answering!
Proximal:
toward the origin of a body part or attachment to the trunk
Distal:
away from the origin of a body part or its attachment to the
trunk
Proximal
Distal
Would the region of the femur (thigh bone)
closest to the tibia (shin) be the proximal or distal end of the femur?
Superficial (External):
toward the surface of the body
Deep (Internal):
away from the surface of the body
Superficial (External)
Deep (Internal)
Some directional terms are applied differently to
quadripeds…….
Superior, Dorsal
Anterior,
Cranial,
Cephalic
Posterior,
Caudal
Inferior, Ventral
Regional Terms
Objective 2:
Planes (Sections)
An organism or organ can be cut (sectioned) along defined planes. These
planes are:
Sagittal:
. divides a structure into right and left portions
midsagittal:
produces equal right and left portions
parasagittal:
produces unequal right and left portions
There are an infinite
Midsagittal (Median)
Sagittal, Parasagittal
Sagittal Sections
Knee
Foot
knee
Thorax, female
Transverse:
divides a structure into superior and inferior portions;
also called a horizontal, or cross section
The Horizontal
Transverse
(Horizontal)
Sections
Thorax
Right Arm
Frontal:
divides a structure into anterior and posterior portions;
also called coronal
The Coronal plane is any
Is the palm of the hand anterior or posterior to the surface with the knuckles?
Coronal (Frontal)
Sections
Nasal
Cavity
Wrist
Brain
Objective 3:
Body Cavities and Abdominopelvic Regions
A body cavity is a space within the body that contains organs (viscera). There
are two major body cavities:
Dorsal cavity:
includes the cranial cavity which houses the brain and the
spinal (vertebral) cavity which houses the spinal cord
Ventral cavity: includes the thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic
cavity which are separated from each other by a thin muscle
called the respiratory diaphragm
Abdominopelvic cavity: is subdivided into the abdominal and pelvic
cavities
Pelvic and Abdominal cavities
• The thoracic and
abdominopelvic cavities
are separated from one
another by the
respiratory diaphragm
• The abdominal cavity and
the pelvic cavity are
separated from one
another by an imaginary
line called the pelvic inlet
• The boundaries of this
imaginary line are the
bones that make up the
pelvis
Thoracic cavity
Respiratory
diaphragm
Abdominal
cavity
Pelvic inlet
Pelvic cavity
The Pelvic Inlet
Ventral Cavity
Thoracic Cavity
Superior to the diaphragm
Abdominopelvic Cavity
Inferior to the diaphragm
Viscera there include the
heart, lungs, thymus gland,
trachea, esophagus
Abdominal Cavity
Pelvic Cavity
Viscera there include
The stomach, liver,
Gall bladder, spleen,
Pancreas, kidney,
Ureters, small
Intestine, and most
Of the large intestine
Viscera there include
The urinary bladder,
Internal organs of
Reproduction, urethra
(in women), and
Some portions of the
Large intestine
Objective 3:
Abdominopelvic regions
The abdomen is divided into nine regions by four imaginary lines, two
vertical and two horizontal.
Objective 4:
Organs and Organ Systems
Can you identify these body systems? What is their function?
Name two organs in each system.
Can you identify these body systems? What is their function?
Name two organs in each system.
Can you identify these body systems? What is their function?
Name two organs in each system.
Can you identify these body systems? What is their function?
Name two organs in each system.