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Renaissance Begins
Standard: Analyze change and continuity in the Renaissance and Reformation.
Essential Question: How did the Renaissance begin?
Explain the social, economic, and political changes that contributed to the rise of Florence and the ideas of
Machiavelli.
The Growth of Cities
Description:
New Cities and Towns:
Bourgeoisie:
Medieval towns
Space:
Fire:
Pleasantness:
Manufacturing Center:
Guilds
The Italian States
Examples:
Effect:
Essential Question: What was the change and continuity in the Renaissance and Reformation?
The republic of Florence
Medici Family
Rise of the Medici’s:
Girolamo Savonarola:
Effect:
Machiavelli and the New Statecraft
Description:
Old Political Thought:
Impact:
Machiavelli’s Political Thought:
9. Renaissance Begins
Standard: Analyze change and continuity in the Renaissance and Reformation.
Essential Question: How did the Renaissance begin?
Explain the social, economic, and political changes that contributed to the rise of Florence and the ideas of
Machiavelli.
The Growth of Cities
Description:
 As trade revived so did cities
 Merchants settled in the old Roman cities
 Artisans then followed
o had the skills to make the items that
merchants could sell
New Cities and Towns:
 founded in northern Europe
 a group of merchants built a settlement near a
castle on a trade route
 the lord would offer protection
 walls were built to protect it
 medieval cities were small
Bourgeoisie:
 the merchants and artisans of these cities
 from the German word burg, which means “a walled enclosure”
Medieval towns
Space:
 crowded within the walls
 streets were narrow
 second and third story of buildings reached over
the streets
Pleasantness:
 not pleasant
 dirty and smelled from human and animal waste
 wood fires created air pollution
Fire:
 danger was great
 buildings were mostly wood
 candles and wood fires were used for light and
heat
Manufacturing Center:
 a variety of crafts were manufactured in the
houses
 ex. cloth, metalwork, shoes, and leather goods
Guilds
 business associations
 twelfth century
 organized by craftspeople
 played a leading role in urban economic life
 by the thirteenth century almost every craft had a guild
The Italian States
Examples:
 larger Italian cities
o Venice, Florence, Milan, and Genoa
o were small compared to Constantinople
or Baghdad
Effect:
 played crucial roles in the Italian politics of the
time
 prospered from trade with the Byzantine, Islamic,
and Mediterranean civilizations


set up trading centers in the east due to the
Crusades
exchanged goods with merchants in England and
the Netherlands
Essential Question: What was the change and continuity in the Renaissance and Reformation?
The republic of Florence
 dominated the Tuscany region
 in the fourteenth century a wealthy group of merchants controlled the Florentine government
 led a series of successful wars against their neighbors, and established Florence as a major city-state
Medici Family
Rise of the Medici’s:
 in 1434 Cosimo de’ Medici took control of
Florence
 Cosimo then his grandson Lorenzo, dominated
Florence when it was the cultural center of Italy
Girolamo Savonarola:
 late 1440s
o economy declined because of English and
Flemish competition for the cloth market
o a Dominican preacher named Girolamo
Savonarola condemned the Medicis’
corruption and excesses
 many people followed Savonarola
o caused the Medicis gave up control of
Florence
 people grew tired of Savonarola’s regulations
o no gambling, swearing, dancing, painting
Effect:
 Savonarola convicted of heresy
o executed in 1498 after criticizing the pope.
 Medicis returned to power
Machiavelli
Description:
 authored The Prince
 one of the most influential works on political power in the Western world
 how to get and keep political power
Old Political Thought:
Machiavelli’s Political Thought:
 previous authors stressed that princes should be
 argued the prince’s attitude toward power should
ethical and follow Christian principles
be based on understanding that human nature is
self-interested
 a prince should not act on moral principles but
on behalf of the interests of the state
Impact:
 first to abandon morality as the basis for analyzing political activity
 influenced political leaders who followed