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Test will cover: •Everything is made up of atoms. Atoms can not be seen with the human eye. •There are three subatomic particles in an atom. • protons(positive charge), neutrons (no charge), electrons (negative charge). • Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus. • Electrons are found on the outer shells and are the smallest particles of an atom. •All elements can be found on the periodic table. •Elements are pure substances made of one type of atom. How to read the periodic table: TEST on Chapters Test! 11 & 12 Friday, October 16th What Test? Test Review Session Thursday AM Hints for the TEST: Periods are the rows and represent the number of energy levels in the electron cloud •Look over the notes we did in class and see if you can fill them in without looking at the answers •Check the blog for extra help •Look over key terms (vocabulary) •Make flashcards of vocabulary words that you do not know Groups are the columns and represent the number of electrons in the outer energy level The elements go from highly reactive on the left to non-reactive on the right •Read over section summaries to get the highlights •Study quiz questions on this review sheet •ASK QUESTIONS! ASK QUESTIONS! ASK QUESTIONS! •DO NOT WAIT TILL THE LAST MINUTE TO STUDY! Vocabulary: Atoms element pure substance Nucleus proton neutron Electron periodic table groups Periods valance electron strong force Symbol Electron cloud ion isotope Name of element Metals metalloids non-metals Alkali metals carbon group alkaline earth metals Oxygen group halogens noble gasses Democritus Dalton Thomson Rutherford Bohr Atomic number Atomic mass (#protons) (protons+Neutrons) Atomic number is the number of protons and electrons in the atom Atomic Mass is the number of protons + number of neutrons in an atom Atomic mass – atomic number = # neutrons Atomic Theory: Know what Democritus, Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford, and Bohr all have in common and what each of them contributed to Atomic Theory. They all contributed to the Atomic Theory. Democritus: first person to come up with ideal of atom Dalton: considered the “Father of Atomic Theory” and said all atoms of different elements are different Thomson: credited with discovering the electrons and described them with the plumb pudding model Rutherford: used the “Gold Foil Experiment” to discover the existence of atomic nucleus and protons Bohr: proposed that the electrons orbit the nucleus at Transitional metals The Horizontal rows on the periodic table are called periods. The Vertical columns on the periodic table are called families or groups. The number above the symbol in an individual element’s box is called atomic number. The number below the symbol in an individual element’s box is called atomic mass. How do find the number of protons in a neutral atom? Protons = atomic number How do you find the number of neutrons in a neutral atom? Atomic mass - protons How do you find the number of electrons in a neutral atom? Electrons = protons Quiz me please… Group Numbers: Represent # of electrons in outer energy level 1) An atom is made out of protons, neutrons, & electrons. 2) What are the charges of the particles listed in #1? Protons positive charge, neutrons neutral charge, & electronsnegative charge 1 8 2 34567 3) Draw a diagram of a Boron atom. 1) To find the atom’s atomic mass, you would add the # of protons plus the # of neutrons. 2) What particle of an atom has the smallest mass? electrons Who proposed the plum pudding model of an atom? What did it look like? NonReactive Highly Reactive What is an isotope? any of two or more forms of a chemical element, having the same number of protons in the nucleus, or the same atomic number, but having different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus, or different atomic weights. What is an ion? An ion (/ˈaɪən, -ɒn/) is an atom or a molecule in which the total number of electrons is not equal to the total number of protons, giving the atom or molecule a net positive or negative electrical charge. Electrons are found in the electron clouds. What is the mass of an atom of Beryllium? How many neutrons, protons, and electrons does it have? protons = atomic number 4 electrons = atomic number 4 neutrons = rounded atomic mass - atomic number 9-4=5 Anatomy of an Atom: Nucleus Which contains: protons neutrons electrons 1) If an atom has 25 protons, 27 neutrons, and 25 electrons, what is it’s atomic mass and atomic number? 2) The periodic table is organized into rows called periods and columns called groups or families. 3) What are the 3 classes of elements? metals, metalloids, & nonmetals. 4) Transition metals are good conductors of electricity and heat. 5) List the group names and their reactivity (high, medium, or low). Which group has more than one column in it? 6) Fill out the concept maps below: proton electron neutron nucleus charge Atomic mass mass metals solids metalloids shiny nonmetals gases