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CONFLICT IN THE GREEK WORLD Chapter 4 section 3 page 124 I. The Persian Wars A. Persian Empire v. Greek City-States http://security.cc.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00maplinks/early/darius/dariusmap490.jpg http://www.eduplace.com/kids/socsci/ca/books/bkf3/imaps/AC_12_389_citystates/AC_12_389_citystates.html 1. Persian armies defeated the Ionians (located in Asia Minor) 2. Athens and other city-states sent warships to help the Ionians, but they were not successful 3. The Persians decided to punish the Greeks (Athens) for helping B. Battle at Marathon http://www.welt-atlas.de/datenbank/karten/karte-1-21.gif 1. Led by Darius I, the Persians sent an army across the Aegean Sea to destroy Athens 2. The Athenians, though greatly outnumbered, defeated the Persian army http://www.history.com/videos/the-battle-of-marathon 3. The legend of Pheidippides http://www.mlahanas.de/Greeks/Philipides.htm II. Second Persian War- 480 B.C. 1. After Marathon, the Persians withdrew to Asia Minor. They returned 10 years later under the command of Xerxes 2. The Battle of Thermopylae –land battle http://www.history.com/videos/last-stand-of-the300-the-kill-zone 3. The decisive battle took place in the strait of Salamis(sea battle) a narrow body of water between Athens and the island of Salamis http://www.welt-atlas.de/datenbank/karten/karte-1-604.gif 4. Persian ships were no match for the smaller, quicker Greek ships 5. The outnumbered Greek fleet destroyed almost the entire Persian fleet http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nENUmbdsAPw http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wGWO7qog-_0&feature=fvw minute 3 6. The Persians returned to Asia Minor for good 7. Athens emerges as the most powerful Greek city-state III. The Peloponnesian War – 430 B.C. A. Athens (led by Pericles) forms the Delian League – an alliance of Greek city-states formed to protect Greece from Persia http://www.vacationstogo.com/images/ports/maps/68_w.gif B. Some Greek city-states (led by Sparta) formed an alliance called the Peloponnesian League C. The war lasted from 431 – 404 B.C. 1. Sparta asked and received money (gold) from Persia to build a fleet of ships. In return, Sparta would return Ionia to Persia 2. Bad luck for Athens a. A plague wipes out 1/3 of Athens, including Pericles b. Athenian allies switched sides D. Athens surrenders in 404 B.C. http://www.history.com/videos/the-peloponnesian-war IV. Effects of the War A. The war brought hardships to both sides 1. Populations declined 2. Fighting destroyed many fields and orchards 3. High unemployment B. The Greeks would eventually be conquered by the Macedonians