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Islamic Empire Label: Africa Arabian Sea Asia Asia Minor Baghdad Black Sea Bosporus Strait Caspian Sea Constantinople Dardanelles Dead Sea Egypt Euphrates River Europe Jerusalem Jordan River Medina Mediterranean Sea Mecca Nile River Persian Gulf Red Sea Strait of Hormuz Sinai Peninsula Tigris River + Label: Africa Arabian Sea Asia Asia Minor Baghdad Black Sea Bosporus Strait Caspian Sea Constantinople Dardanelles Dead Sea Egypt Euphrates River Europe Jerusalem Jordan River Medina Mediterranean Sea Mecca Nile River Persian Gulf Red Sea Strait of Hormuz Sinai Peninsula Tigris River Europe Arabian Peninsula Constantinople + Asia Black Sea Dardanelles Bosporus Strait Asia Minor Tigris River Mediterranean Sea Jerusalem Egypt Jordan River Dead Sea Euphrates River Baghdad Strait of Hormuz Africa ADD: Arabian Peninsula Arabian Sea Islamic Empire • STANDARD WHI.8a • The student will demonstrate knowledge of Islamic civilization from about 600 to 1000 A.D. (C.E.) by – a) describing the origin, beliefs, traditions, customs, and spread of Islam. Essential Understandings • The revelations of Muhammad form the basis of the Islamic religion, a monotheistic faith. • Muhammad and his followers spread Islam. • Islamic traditions and customs developed over centuries and created a distinctive Muslim culture. Origins • Began with Muhammad – A Prophet – The last sent by God Origins • Mecca and Medina on the Arabian Peninsula: Early Muslim cities EXPANSION • Spread from Asia, to Africa, and to Spain EXPANSION • It spread by trade routes crossing Mecca and Medina, two holy cities of Islam EXPANSION • It spread further to the Fertile Crescent, Iran, Central Asia Beliefs of Islam • Monotheistic Beliefs of Islam • Allah is the Arabic word for God Beliefs of Islam • Allah is the Arabic word for God Beliefs of Islam • Quran (Koran) is the word of God • It is the Muslim holy book 5 Pillars of Islam There are five basic holy beliefs of Islam. These are something that every Muslim must follow 5 Pillars of Islam 1. Faith Creed “There is no God but Allah and Mohammad is his prophet.” 2. Prayer • Must pray five times each day: – Morning – Noon – Afternoon – Evening – Night • Must face toward Mecca 2. Prayer • Must face toward Mecca 3. Alms (money to the poor) • All things belong to God and humans should be willing to give to the poor • Can be in the form of a tax (2.5 percent) 4. Fasting • Fast during the month of Ramadan • Give up meals from sunrise until sunset – Shows their devotion to Allah 5. Pilgrimage (journey) • Also called the “Hajj” • Muslims travel to Mecca once in their lifetime. Beliefs of Islam • Muslims accept Judeo - Christian prophets – Ex. Abraham, Moses and Jesus Beliefs of Islam • Muslims accept Judeo - Christian prophets – Ex. Abraham, Moses and Jesus • Judeo – Christian: having to do with the Jewish and Christian religion Beliefs • Monotheism (Allah) • Qur’an (Islam Holy Book)---------------------• 5 Pillars of Faith Faith--------Prayer------Pilgrimage---Alms Fasting-- Accepted Judeo-Christian Prophets (Moses and Jesus) Essential Questions • Where did the Islamic religion originate? Where did it spread? • What are the beliefs, traditions, and customs of Islam? • STANDARD WHI.8b • The student will demonstrate knowledge of Islamic civilization from about 600 to 1000 A.D. (C.E.) by – b) assessing the influence of geography on Islamic economic, social, and political development, including the impact of conquest and trade. Essential Understandings • In the first three centuries after Muhammad’s death, Muslim rule expanded rapidly, overcoming geographic barriers, and facilitated by weakened political empires. • Political unity and the Arabic language facilitated trade and stimulated intellectual activity. Geography Geographic influences on the Muslim Empire Geographic influences on the Muslim Empire • The Muslim empire diffused along trade routes from Mecca and Medina Geographic influences on the Muslim Empire • It expanded despite great distances, desert environments, and mountain barriers Geographic influences on the Muslim Empire • Spread into the Fertile Crescent, Iran, and Central Asia facilitated by weak Byzantine and Persian empires – They could not control all of the land! Geographic influences on economic, social, and political development Geographic influences on economic, social, and political development • Political unity of the first Muslim empire was short-lived. – Many different groups from different geographic areas ended up fighting over the land Geographic influences on economic, social, and political development • Arabic language spread with Islam and facilitated trade across Islamic lands. Geographic influences on economic, social, and political development • Slavery was not based on race. – Most were from Eastern Europe Essential Questions • How did geography influence the rapid expansion of territory under Muslim rule? • How did political and cultural geography facilitate trade and cultural activity in the early Islamic lands? • STANDARD WHI.8c • The student will demonstrate knowledge of Islamic civilization from about 600 to 1000 A.D. (C.E.) by – c) identifying historical turning points that affected the spread and influence of Islamic civilization, with emphasis on the Sunni-Shi’a division and the Battle of Tours. Essential Understandings • Major historical turning points marked the spread and influence of Islamic civilization. Historical turning points Historical turning points • Ali: – Ali was Muhammad’s son in law and cousin, a blood relative to Muhammad – Ali was Muhammad’s chosen leader after he died Historical turning points • Death of Ali: – The largest group of followers believed the leadership could go to whoever was chosen as leader Historical turning points • Death of Ali: – The largest group of followers believed the leadership could go to whoever was chosen as leader – The smaller group believed leadership should go to a blood relative of Muhammad Historical turning points • Death of Ali: – The largest group of followers believed the leadership could go to whoever was chosen as leader These are known as Sunni – The smaller group believed leadership should go to a blood relative of Muhammad These are known as Shi’a Historical turning points • Death of Ali: – This divided Muslims – The division continues today! Historical turning points • Muslims conquered Jerusalem and Damascus – Took control from the Byzantine Empire! Historical turning points • Muslims conquered Jerusalem and Damascus – Took control from the Byzantine Empire! – The Muslims also allowed the Jewish to practice their religion freely! Historical turning points • The capital of Islam is moved to Baghdad Historical turning points • Muslim defeat at the Battle of Tours Historical turning points • Muslim defeat at the Battle of Tours – It was a battle between the Muslim Empire and the Franks Historical turning points • Muslim defeat at the Battle of Tours – It was a battle between the Muslim Empire and the Franks – It took place in France Historical turning points • Muslim defeat at the Battle of Tours – It was a battle between the Muslim Empire and the Franks – It took place in France – The Muslims were defeated and the Empire began to decline Historical turning points • Baghdad, the capital, fell to an Asian group of attackers known as the Mongols Essential Questions • What were some major historical turning points that marked the spread and influence of Islamic civilization? • STANDARD WHI.8d • The student will demonstrate knowledge of Islamic civilization from about 600 to 1000 A.D. (C.E.) by – d) citing cultural and scientific contributions and achievements of Islamic civilization. Essential Understandings • Early Islamic civilization was characterized by achievements in science and the arts that transformed the Islamic world and contributed to world civilization. Cultural contributions and achievements of Muslims Cultural contributions and achievements of Muslims • Architecture (Example: Dome of the Rock) Cultural contributions and achievements of Muslims • Architecture (Example: Dome of the Rock) • Mosaics – Pictures made with pieces of stone Cultural contributions and achievements of Muslims • Cultural contributions and achievements of Muslims & • Scientific contributions and achievements of Muslims Arabic alphabet Universities Translation of ancient texts into Arabic Scientific contributions and achievements of Muslims Scientific contributions and achievements of Muslims • Arabic Numerals (originally from India), including zero Algebra • • • • a+d=g A=½bh d=rt C=2pr Medicine Expansion of geographic knowledge (maps) Cultural Contributions • Architecture (Dome of the Rock)---• Mosaics----- • Arabic Alphabet-------------• Universities---- • Translation of Ancient texts to Arabic---- Scientific Contributions • Arabic Numerals (0-9)--• Algebra -- a+b=c • Medicine--• Expansion of Geographic Knowledge---------------------- Essential Questions • How did Islamic civilization preserve and extend ancient Greek, Persian, and Indian learning? • What were some contributions of Islamic civilization?