Download Islamic Empire

Islamic Empire
Label:
Africa
Arabian Sea
Asia
Asia Minor
Baghdad
Black Sea
Bosporus Strait
Caspian Sea
Constantinople
Dardanelles
Dead Sea
Egypt
Euphrates River
Europe
Jerusalem
Jordan River
Medina
Mediterranean Sea
Mecca
Nile River
Persian Gulf
Red Sea
Strait of Hormuz
Sinai Peninsula
Tigris River
+
Label:
Africa
Arabian Sea
Asia
Asia Minor
Baghdad
Black Sea
Bosporus Strait
Caspian Sea
Constantinople
Dardanelles
Dead Sea
Egypt
Euphrates River
Europe
Jerusalem
Jordan River
Medina
Mediterranean Sea
Mecca
Nile River
Persian Gulf
Red Sea
Strait of Hormuz
Sinai Peninsula
Tigris River
Europe
Arabian Peninsula
Constantinople
+
Asia
Black Sea
Dardanelles
Bosporus Strait
Asia Minor
Tigris River
Mediterranean Sea
Jerusalem
Egypt
Jordan River
Dead Sea
Euphrates River
Baghdad
Strait of Hormuz
Africa
ADD: Arabian
Peninsula
Arabian Sea
Islamic Empire
• STANDARD WHI.8a
• The student will demonstrate knowledge of
Islamic civilization from about 600 to 1000
A.D. (C.E.) by
– a)
describing the origin, beliefs, traditions,
customs, and spread of Islam.
Essential Understandings
• The revelations of Muhammad form the basis
of the Islamic religion, a monotheistic faith.
• Muhammad and his followers spread Islam.
• Islamic traditions and customs developed over
centuries and created a distinctive Muslim
culture.
Origins
• Began with Muhammad
– A Prophet
– The last sent by God
Origins
• Mecca and Medina on the Arabian Peninsula:
Early Muslim cities
EXPANSION
• Spread from Asia, to Africa, and to Spain
EXPANSION
• It spread by trade routes crossing Mecca
and Medina, two holy cities of Islam
EXPANSION
• It spread further to the Fertile Crescent,
Iran, Central Asia
Beliefs of Islam
• Monotheistic
Beliefs of Islam
• Allah is the Arabic
word for God
Beliefs of Islam
• Allah is the Arabic
word for God
Beliefs of Islam
• Quran (Koran) is
the word of God
• It is the Muslim
holy book
5 Pillars of Islam
There are five basic holy beliefs of Islam.
These are something that every Muslim
must follow
5 Pillars of Islam
1. Faith Creed
“There is no God but Allah and Mohammad
is his prophet.”
2. Prayer
• Must pray five times
each day:
– Morning
– Noon
– Afternoon
– Evening
– Night
• Must face toward
Mecca
2. Prayer
• Must face toward
Mecca
3. Alms (money to the poor)
• All things belong to God and humans
should be willing to give to the poor
• Can be in the form of a tax (2.5 percent)
4. Fasting
• Fast during the month of Ramadan
• Give up meals from sunrise until sunset
– Shows their devotion to Allah
5. Pilgrimage (journey)
• Also called the “Hajj”
• Muslims travel to Mecca once in their
lifetime.
Beliefs of Islam
• Muslims accept Judeo - Christian prophets
– Ex. Abraham, Moses and Jesus
Beliefs of Islam
• Muslims accept Judeo - Christian prophets
– Ex. Abraham, Moses and Jesus
• Judeo – Christian: having to do with the Jewish
and Christian religion
Beliefs
• Monotheism (Allah)
• Qur’an (Islam Holy Book)---------------------• 5 Pillars of Faith
Faith--------Prayer------Pilgrimage---Alms
Fasting--
Accepted Judeo-Christian Prophets (Moses and Jesus)
Essential Questions
• Where did the Islamic religion originate?
Where did it spread?
• What are the beliefs, traditions, and customs
of Islam?
• STANDARD WHI.8b
• The student will demonstrate knowledge of
Islamic civilization from about 600 to 1000
A.D. (C.E.) by
– b) assessing the influence of geography on
Islamic economic, social, and political
development, including the impact of conquest
and trade.
Essential Understandings
• In the first three centuries after Muhammad’s
death, Muslim rule expanded rapidly,
overcoming geographic barriers, and
facilitated by weakened political empires.
• Political unity and the Arabic language
facilitated trade and stimulated intellectual
activity.
Geography
Geographic influences on the Muslim
Empire
Geographic influences on the Muslim
Empire
• The Muslim empire diffused along trade
routes from Mecca and Medina
Geographic influences on the Muslim
Empire
• It expanded despite great distances, desert
environments, and mountain barriers
Geographic influences on the Muslim
Empire
• Spread into the Fertile Crescent, Iran, and
Central Asia facilitated by weak Byzantine and
Persian empires
– They could not control all of the land!
Geographic influences on economic,
social, and political development
Geographic influences on economic,
social, and political development
• Political unity of the first Muslim empire was
short-lived.
– Many different groups from different geographic
areas ended up fighting over the land
Geographic influences on economic,
social, and political development
• Arabic language spread with Islam and
facilitated trade across Islamic lands.
Geographic influences on economic,
social, and political development
• Slavery was not based on race.
– Most were from Eastern Europe
Essential Questions
• How did geography influence the rapid
expansion of territory under Muslim rule?
• How did political and cultural geography
facilitate trade and cultural activity in the early
Islamic lands?
• STANDARD WHI.8c
• The student will demonstrate knowledge of
Islamic civilization from about 600 to 1000
A.D. (C.E.) by
– c) identifying historical turning points that
affected the spread and influence of Islamic
civilization, with emphasis on the Sunni-Shi’a
division and the Battle of Tours.
Essential Understandings
• Major historical turning points marked the
spread and influence of Islamic civilization.
Historical turning points
Historical turning points
• Ali:
– Ali was Muhammad’s son in
law and cousin, a blood
relative to Muhammad
– Ali was Muhammad’s chosen
leader after he died
Historical turning points
• Death of Ali:
– The largest group of followers
believed the leadership could
go to whoever was chosen as
leader
Historical turning points
• Death of Ali:
– The largest group of followers
believed the leadership could
go to whoever was chosen as
leader
– The smaller group believed
leadership should go to a
blood relative of Muhammad
Historical turning points
• Death of Ali:
– The largest group of followers
believed the leadership could
go to whoever was chosen as
leader
These are
known as
Sunni
– The smaller group believed
leadership should go to a
blood relative of Muhammad
These are
known as
Shi’a
Historical turning points
• Death of Ali:
– This divided Muslims
– The division continues today!
Historical turning points
• Muslims conquered Jerusalem and Damascus
– Took control from the Byzantine Empire!
Historical turning points
• Muslims conquered Jerusalem and Damascus
– Took control from the Byzantine Empire!
– The Muslims also allowed the Jewish to practice
their religion freely!
Historical turning points
• The capital of Islam is moved to Baghdad
Historical turning points
• Muslim defeat at the Battle of Tours
Historical turning points
• Muslim defeat at the Battle of Tours
– It was a battle between the Muslim Empire and
the Franks
Historical turning points
• Muslim defeat at the Battle of Tours
– It was a battle between the Muslim Empire and
the Franks
– It took place in France
Historical turning points
• Muslim defeat at the Battle of Tours
– It was a battle between the Muslim Empire and
the Franks
– It took place in France
– The Muslims were defeated and the Empire began
to decline
Historical turning points
• Baghdad, the capital, fell to an Asian group of
attackers known as the Mongols
Essential Questions
• What were some major historical turning
points that marked the spread and influence
of Islamic civilization?
• STANDARD WHI.8d
• The student will demonstrate knowledge of
Islamic civilization from about 600 to 1000
A.D. (C.E.) by
– d) citing cultural and scientific contributions and
achievements of Islamic civilization.
Essential Understandings
• Early Islamic civilization was characterized by
achievements in science and the arts that
transformed the Islamic world and
contributed to world civilization.
Cultural contributions and
achievements of Muslims
Cultural contributions and
achievements of Muslims
• Architecture (Example: Dome of the Rock)
Cultural contributions and
achievements of Muslims
• Architecture (Example: Dome of the Rock)
• Mosaics – Pictures made with pieces of stone
Cultural contributions and
achievements of Muslims
• Cultural contributions and achievements of
Muslims
&
• Scientific contributions and achievements of
Muslims
Arabic alphabet
Universities
Translation of ancient texts into
Arabic
Scientific contributions and
achievements of Muslims
Scientific contributions and
achievements of Muslims
• Arabic Numerals (originally from India),
including zero
Algebra
•
•
•
•
a+d=g
A=½bh
d=rt
C=2pr
Medicine
Expansion of geographic
knowledge (maps)
Cultural Contributions
• Architecture (Dome of the Rock)---• Mosaics-----
• Arabic Alphabet-------------• Universities----
• Translation of Ancient texts to Arabic----
Scientific Contributions
• Arabic Numerals (0-9)--• Algebra --
a+b=c
• Medicine--• Expansion of Geographic
Knowledge----------------------
Essential Questions
• How did Islamic civilization preserve and
extend ancient Greek, Persian, and Indian
learning?
• What were some contributions of Islamic
civilization?