Download Characteristics of Living Organisms

Characteristics of Living Organisms
Organization
Metabolism
Respond to Stimuli
Reproduce
Evolve
Living Things are Organized
(Cell Theory)
• all living things are composed of cells
• cells are the basic units of life
• cells are produced from other cells
Robert Hooke observed the First Cells
• cork through an early
microscope- illustration
shown on the left.
• Hooke called the
individual units cells,
after the monk’s rooms
in a monastery.
Source:
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/hooke.html
Cork Cells
Compare the photograph of cork cells viewed through a
modern light microscope to Hooke’s drawing.
Source: http://biology.clc.uc.edu/Fankhauser/Labs/Cell_Biology/Cells_Lab/cork_100x_PA021953c.JPG
Plant Cell Light Microscope
Source: http://www.umanitoba.ca/faculties/science/biological_sciences/lab3/images/lightplt.jpeg
Animal Cell Light Image
Source: http://www.umanitoba.ca/faculties/science/biological_sciences/lab3/images/lightani.jpeg
Animal Cell EM Image
Source: http://www.umanitoba.ca/faculties/science/biological_sciences/lab3/images/eukanimal5.jpeg
Animal Tissue
Source:
http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/Michael.Gregory/files/Bio%20102/Bio%20102%20Laboratory/animal%20
tissues/img001.jpg
Plant Tissue
What two
structures
do plant
cells have
that animal
cells lack?
Source: http://ccollege.hccs.cc.tx.us/instru/Biology/AllStudyPages/Cells/Images/ELODIA400_labeled.jpg
The cell is the basic unit of life.
• Anton van
Leeuwenhoek
(1632-1723)
Single Cell Life Form
Source: http://www.umanitoba.ca/faculties/science/biological_sciences/lab3/images/bacillus.gif
Cells come from cells.
• Rudolf Ludwig Karl
Virchow
(1821 - 1902)
so…to review cell theory
1. All life forms are made from one or
more cells.
2. Cells only arise from pre-existing
cells.
3. The cell is the smallest form of life.
cells
tissues
organs
systems
individuals
populations
communities
ecosystems
biosphere
Living Things Metabolize
• Metabolism is the sum of all of the chemical
and energy transformations that take place
in an organism.
Homeostasis is the maintenance of
internal conditions within certain
boundaries.
Respond to Stimuli
• Organisms react in the presence of
appropriate stimuli physiologically and
behaviorally.
Living Things Reproduce
• All living things come from other living
things.
• Living things make copies of themselves; to
do so they pass on genes.
Living Things Evolve
• Evolution is change in characteristics of
populations/species over time resulting
from mutation & natural selection.
• These changes result in adaptations
(characteristics that increase the likelihood
that species survive and reproduce).