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Transcript
Forces Shaping Earth 2-2 Core – The sphere of very hot metal at the center of the Earth. Mantle – The thick layer around the Earth’s core Crust – The thin, rocky layer of Earth’s surface Magma – soft, nearly molten rock Plate – a huge block of Earth’s crust Weathering – A process that breaks rocks down into small pieces Erosion – The removal of small pieces of rock by water, ice or wind What is Mantle and Core pg 25 Earth made of? It all works together! Crust = land areas and ocean floors Heated mantle and core help shape the crust Crust floats on top of the mantle What part of the Earth is Water and Air? More than 70% of Earth’s surface is water. Oceans hold 97% of Earth’s water. Fresh water is frozen in ice sheets near N and S Poles. How much of Earth is air? Atmosphere = layers of gas a few miles thick. Provides oxygen to _________________ and carbon dioxide to ____________. Mountains rise more than 2,000 ft above sea level or surrounding land Ex. Volcano Hills have rounded tops, but are lower and less steep than mountains Plateau is large and mostly flat . It rises above the surrounding land One steep slope Plains are large areas of flat land, but can also be gently rolling How are volcanoes a force within the Earth? Heat inside the Earth constantly reshapes the surface Causes the rock to rise to the surface Volcanoes are formed when magma pushes up the crust Volcanoes spew lava or molten rock. Magma can push the Earth apart along seams What are plates? Huge blocks of Earth’s crust These are continents or parts of continents. Each plate is part ocean floor. Magma rises and cools creating new crust and pushing old crust away from the seams. Magma and plates pg 25 How are volcanoes and Earthquakes created? Colliding ocean and land crust sink and melt. Volcanoes are mostly around plates, but not always Example: Hawaii Earthquakes happen when two p plates rub along faults Faults are cracks in the Earth’s crust. Faults happen when two plates push together, the crust cracks and splinters from pressure How did the world become the world? Plates moved over hundreds of millions of years Pangea – 250 million yrs 150 million yrs 75 million yrs Present continents What are the forces on Earth’s surface? Weathering – process that breaks rock down into tiny pieces. Weathering helps create soil Rock + decayed animal + plant material = soil. What causes erosion? Erosion is the removal of small pieces of rock by water, ice, or wind. Ex: Appalachian Mountains Deposited material from erosion creates new landforms Ex: Plains