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Grade 9 Applied Science – Astronomy 1 The Night Sky The Moon The Planets The Stars The Sun 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 A massive collection of gases in space that produce and emit light energy What is a STAR? A large, round celestial object that travels around a star What is a PLANET? Everything that exists including all the millions of galaxies together, plus all the matter, energy and space What is the UNIVERSE? Earth is part of this galaxy What is the MILKY WAY? We see the Moon because it does this What is THE MOON REFLECTS LIGHT FROM THE SUN? 4.6 billion years ago What is the date when Earth’s Moon was formed? Circular or bowl-shaped holes in surfaces caused by the impact of a celestial object What is a CRATER? O 100 C in direct sunlight to -100OC in the shade What is RANGE OF SURFACE TEMPERATURES ON THE MOON? Today, the Moon is mostly solid. When it was formed, it was this What is MOLTEN ROCK? A thin crust, a very thick mantle, and a small and partially liquid core What are THE THREE INTERIOR LAYERS OF THE MOON? Eight What is THE NUMBER OF PLANETS IN OUR SOLAR SYSTEM? The closest planet to the Sun. What is MERCURY? The rings around Saturn are composed of this material What are ICE CRYSTALS? The Outer Planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune) are also known by this name What is GAS GIANTS? This former planet is now classified as a dwarf planet. What is PLUTO? 300,000 km/s What is THE CONSTANT SPEED AT WHICH LIGHT TRAVELS? The time it takes light from the Sun to reach the Earth What is EIGHT MINUTES? The distance light travels in one year What is a LIGHT YEAR? Stars can be red, yellow, white or blue in colour. The colour of a star depends on this What is SURFACE TEMPERATURE? The amount of energy released by a star every second What is LUMINOSITY? A dark area on the Sun’s surface that is cooler than the area surrounding it What is SUNSPOT? Electrically-charged particles that flow from the Sun’s corona out into space What is SOLAR WIND? Another name for the Northern Lights What is the AURORA BOREALIS? These produce the Sun’s energy What are NUCLEAR REACTIONS? The colour the Northern Lights appear when the Sun’s solar wind travel along Earth’s magnetic field and strike particles of oxygen What is GREEN?