Download POWERPOINT JEOPARDY

Membranes
Energy and
Metabolism
Harvesting
Energy
Mitosis
Meiosis
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What is the structure of
the cell membrane
It is composed of a
phospholipid bilayer;
hydrophobic portion
inward, hydrophilic
portion outward
What is diffusion?
Movement of molecules
from an area of high
concentration to low
concentration
What is osmosis?
Movement of water from
an area of high
concentration to low
concentration
What is active transport?
Give examples
Movement of molecules or
substances from low
concentration to high
concentration; requires
energy.
Describe the types of bulk
movement.
Endocytosis- movement of
particles into a cell
(phagocytosis, pinocytosis &
cell mediated)
Exocytosis-movement of
particles out of the cell
Define potential and
kinetic energy
Potential- stored energy
Kinetic-energy in motion
What do the 1st and 2nd
Laws of Thermodynamics
state?
1st- energy cannot be
created or destroyed,
simple changed form
2nd- disorder (entropy) is
more likely than order
What are enzymes and
how do they work?
Enzymes are biological
catalysts that lower
activation energy. They
bind to specific substrates
in order to make the
reaction occur faster
What is ATP and how does
it work?
Adenosine triphosphate, it
releases energy (7.3
kcal/mole) when a
phosphate is broken off
the triphosphate tail
What is a feedback
mechanism?
A mechanism or signal
that tends to
accelerate(positive) or
inhibit (negative) a
process
Define autotroph and
heterotroph
Autotroph- organism that
can produce its own food
Heterotroph- organism
that must obtain its food
What is the equation for cellular
respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6O2  6H2O + 6CO2 + ATP
What is ATP used for?
1. Making sugars
2. Supplying activation energy
3. Actively transporting
substances across
membranes
4. Moving cells through
environment
5. Growth
Explain what occurs in each step
of cellular respiration
1. glycolysis- glucose to pyruvate (2)
2. Pyruvate is oxidized
3. Pyruvate enters Krebs where nine
intermediates are formed to
produce 2 ATP
4. ETC where bulk of ATP is made
(36)
Discuss aerobic respiration and
fermentation
Aerobic- produces 36 ATP for
every glucose; requires O2; very
efficient
Fermentation- produces 2 ATP
for every glucose; no oxygen
required
Define heterochormatin, euchromatin,
diploid, haploid and homologous
chromosomes
Heterochormatin- permanently condensed
DNA
Euchromatin- DNA used to express genes
Diploid- two sets of chromosomes
Haploid- one set of chromosomes
Homologous chromosomes- chromosomes
that are identical
What is the structure of a
chromosome and how
many are there?
Chromosomes are made
up of DNA and protein
Humans have 46
What are the steps to the
cell cycle?
1. Interphase
2. Mitosis
3. cytokinesis
What types of checkpoints
does the cell cycle have?
1. G1 checkpoint
2. G2 checkpoint
3. M checkpoint
What types of genes
regulate the cell cycle?
1. Tumor suppressor
genes
2. Proto-oncogenes
Define meiosis
Meiosis- the production of
sex cells
What are somatic cells
Body cells (skin, liver,
brain)
What are germ line cells?
Cells that become
reproductive cells (sperm
and egg)
What are three unique
characteristics of
meiosis?
1. Crossing over
2. Independent
assortment
3. Reduction division
Why are the cells created
by meiosis unique?
The cells are genetically
different from each other.