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Transcript
Chapter 3 Matter Properties and Changes • Atom: The smallest particle of an element that retains all the properties of that element – Comprised of protons, neutrons and electrons • Element: A pure substance that can’t be broken down by physical or chemical means. – An atom of any element always has the same number of protons. Properties and Changes • Substance: Matter that has a uniform unchanging composition – Also known as a pure substance – Ex: water, only composed of two different substances, and can not be separated by physical means. • Mixture:Two or more substances combined having variable composition – Ex: salt water, contains two substances, and can be separated by physical means. Types of Substances • Compounds – Can be separated by chemical means – Composed of two or more different elements in distinct whole number ratios – Ex: Water, H2O – Ex: Salt, NaCl • Elements – Elements can not be separated by chemical means – Ex: Gold, Au – Carbon, C Types of Mixtures • Homogeneous – A mixture with no physically distinct parts in the solution. – Ex: Salt water – Ex: air • Heterogeneous – A mixture with distinct physical boundaries. – Ex: granite – Ex: orange juice Changes • Physical Change: Change that does not alter the chemical composition of the substance. – Ex: Melting ice • Chemical Change: One or more substances are changed into other substances – Ex: chemical reaction Physical Properties • Properties that do not involve or describe a substance changing into another substance • Or, a characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the sample’s composition. • Ex: Melting Point, Boiling Point, Hardness, and Luster Physical Properties • Extensive Properties: Depends on the mass of a substance – Ex: Mass, Length, Volume • Intensive Properties: Does not depend on the amount of the substance present – Ex: Density, Solubility Chemical Properties • The ability of a substance to combine with or change into one or more other substances. – Ex: Iron reacts readily with the oxygen in the air to form iron oxide (rust).
