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10.4 Cell Differentiation Differentiation – cells become different; form into many types of cells Become specialized for certain tasks Stem Cells = Unspecialized cells from which other cells develop Totipotent – can develop into any kind of cell in body (ex. First fertilized cells) Blastocyst – hollow ball of cells; early embryo Pluripotent – inside blastocyst; can develop into most types of cells (not the tissue around embryo) Types Embryonic stem cells – research shows can form into any cell type in human body Adult stem cells – “pools” to replenish damaged/dead cells * Are multipotent typically develop into cells from the type of tissue they originated * Ex. Bone marrow transplants = stem cell transplants for blood Adult cells altered to have properties of embryonic stem cells = induced pluripotent stem cells; still unknown effects in humans Amniotic fluid stem cells – need more research Stem Cell Research Benefits – replace injured cells/tissues Ex. Heart cells, brain cells, nerve cells Ethics – * Adult stem cells – fine * Embryonic stem cells – destroys embryo