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HOMEWORK READING: 10.3 & 10.4
Cell Cycle and Cancer Pg
2
Name________________________________ Pr____
10.3 – REGULATING THE CELL CYCLE
CONTROLS ON CELL DIVISION
1. What causes most cells to stop dividing? ___________________________________________________
The Discovery of Cyclins
2. What is the name of the family of proteins that regulate the timing of the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells?
______________________________
Regulatory Proteins
3. Where are regulatory proteins found? ______________________________________________________
 Internal Regulators
4. Internal regulatory proteins allow the cell cycle to proceed ___________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
 External Regulators
5. What do external regulators do? ___________________________________. Example: ____________________
6. Answer the questions in the “Analyzing Data” box on page 288.
 Interpret Graphs: ______________________________________________________________________
 Infer: _____________________________
time: ______________________
 Predict: _____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Apoptosis
7. What is apoptosis? ___________________________________________________________________________
 What are the three main steps in cell death?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
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What is the role of apoptosis in development? ______________________________________________
CANCER: UNCONTROLLED CELL GROWTH
8. How are cancer cells different from normal cells? __________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
9. What is a mass of cancer cells called? _____________________
 Are all tumors cancerous? _______________
 What do malignant tumors do? __________________________________________________________
10. Read through Figure 10-16. Explain metastasis. ____________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
What Causes Cancer?
11. What do all cancers have in common? ___________________________________________________________
 What are some external causes? _________________________________________________________
 What one internal cause does the book list? ________________________________________________
12. What does the gene p53 do (the one found in many cancers)? ________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Treatment for Cancer
13. Why is radiation used to fight cancer? ____________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
14. Why is chemotherapy used to fight cancer? _______________________________________________________
15. Why are there side effects to both radiation and chemotherapy? ______________________________________
10.4 – CELL DIFFERENTIATION
FROM ONE CELL TO MANY
Defining Differentiation
16. What is a differentiated cell? ___________________________________________________________________
Mapping Differentiation
17. In some organisms, is the cell’s role rigidly determined at some specific point in development? _____________
18. In mammals, is there some point where a cell can no longer become another kind of cell?______________
STEMS CELLS AND DEVELOPMENT
19. A cell, such as a newly fertilized egg, is totipotent. What does that mean? _______________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
20. Through how many cell divisions can fertilized eggs go before they lose their totipotency? __________________
Human Development
21. Within four days of fertilization, human embryos form a blastocyst. Describe a blastocyst. __________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
_
 Which group attach the embryo to its mother? ____________________________
 Which group becomes the embryo? _____________________________________
 Which cells are pluripotent? ____________________________
 What does pluripotent mean? ____________________________________________________________
Stem Cells
22. What are stem cells? __________________________________________________________________________
 Embryonic Stem Cells
 Adult Stem Cells
23. How are multipotent stem cells different from pluripotent stem cells? __________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
FRONTIERS IN STEM CELL RESEARCH
Potential Benefits
24. What is the potential medical benefit of stem cell? __________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Ethical Issues
25. What might we eventually be able to do to avoid the ethical issues of embryonic stem cell research? _________
___________________________________________________________________________________________