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Transcript
Lab 8 - Urinalysis, pH, & Acid-Base Balance week 1 of 2 pH and Acid-Base Balance – lab 1 of 2 Section 1 1. Essentials of pH 2. Acids vs. Bases and their sources -----Section 2 1. pH of Body Fluids – the #s 2. Methods of Maintaining proper pH Essentials of pH • • • • • • • Based on the # or conc. of free H+. [H+] The actual #s are ridiculous. 0.0000001, 0.000001, etc. If take –log of 0.0000001 it becomes 6, 7, etc pH is the negative log of the H+ concentration Scale is 0-14 Smaller # means more free H+ Each whole number means 10X difference in [H+] The pH Wedgie 14 12 OH- 10 Alkaline 8 Neutral 6 H+ 4 2 0 Acidic Acids • • Anything that ‘donates’ free H+ or binds up free OHExamples: HCl → H+ + ClH2CO3 → _______________ LA → Ketoacids → FAs → OHAAs → Uric acid → H+ Bases • Anything that binds up free H+ or donates free OH- • Examples HCO3- binds with H+ in blood NH3 binds with H+ in urine HPO42- binds with H+ in urine Most proteins bind up free H+ OH- H+ We are ‘Acid Factories’ Constant production of H+ from 1) Catabolism of carbs (glycolysis) If aerobic, CO2 produced…. If anaerobic, LA produced 2) Catabolism of lipids FAs → ketoacids 3) Catabolism of proteins Proteins → AAs →phosphoric acid & sulfuric acid 4) Acidic Foods (lemons, limes, oranges, grapefruit, vinegar, tomatoes, soft drinks) 5) Stomach produces HCl acid So, our pH is usually tending to _____ …a condition called ____________ End of section 1 pH of Arterial Blood 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 Normal range Acidosis 6.8 6 7.35 8 9 10 11 Alkalosis 7.45 7.8 12 13 14 Why be concerned about pH? • All functional proteins are pH sensitive – Enzymes, hormones, Hb, etc • Therefore, all metabolic reactions are pH sensitive 3 Methods of Maintaining Proper pH 1) Chemical Buffers (buffer systems) – Substances that temporarily bind up free H+ when in excess and release it when deficient – Fastest (secs) – But limited capacity Strange but true… – Do NOT eliminate H+ from body – Do NOT adjust pH – Do NOT prevent a pH change – DO resist or minimize pH changes • pH still changes… just not so dramatically 3 Methods of Maintaining Proper pH 2) Respiratory Adjustments – Adjusts pH by adjusting amount of C02 in blood • and therefore H2CO3 • And therefore H+ + HCO3– Fast (1-3 min) – But limited capacity – Does NOT eliminate H+ from the body 3 Methods of Maintaining Proper pH 3) Renal Adjustments – – – – – Adjusts pH by adjusting secretion of H+ Adjusts pH by adjusting reabsorption of HCO3Sloooow (hours) But unlimited capacity Is the only one to actually get H+ out of body Ta Da! pH and Acid-Base Balance – lab 1 Section 1 1. Essentials of pH 2. Acids vs. Bases and their sources -----Section 2 1. pH of Body Fluids – the #s 2. Methods of Maintaining proper pH