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Transcript
DNA: Structure DNA Structure and Purpose • In simplest terms, DNA is a blueprint for life. • It is made up of genes which hold the information for making proteins within the cell – Proteins in turn help make up everything in your body! • DNA is a very long polymer made up of monomers called nucleotides • The basic 3D shape of DNA is called the double helix • The double helix looks like a twisted ladder or zipper. DNA’s Structure C G A T How is DNA held together?? • The nitrogen bases are connected by Hydrogen bonds • The backbone (sides) are connected by Covalent bonds. Nucleotide Hydrogen bonds Sugar-phosphate backbone Covalent bonds 1 monomer!!! Aka nucleotide 8 monomers making a small section of DNA Nitrogen base Deoxyribose Phosphate • Sides of DNA are always made up of a Phosphate and 5 carbon sugar (deoxyribose). • Middle or rungs of DNA are always made up of 4 different nitrogen base pairs. Covalent bonds Hydrogen bonds Nitrogenous Bases 1. PYRIMIDINE – 1 ring – Pyrimidines have “y” **Remember: *Cytosine (C) *ThYmine (T) 2. PURINE – 2 rings – Adenine (A) – Guanine (G) **Remember: “PUGA2” Nitrogen Base pairing • One pyrimidine and one purine will ALWAYS pair up. • A pairs with T • G pairs with C Location and Form of DNA • Prokaryotic DNA is located in the cytoplasm, usually in a circular form • Eukaryotic DNA is located inside the nucleus in the form of chromosomes • How does all that DNA fit into the nucleus? Hopefully you remember this picture from cell division! Review!!! • What does A pair with? • What does C pair with? • What makes up the sides of a the DNA strand? • What are the base pairs held together by? • What consists of a phosphate group, 5carbon sugar and a nitrogen base?