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Directions
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Dorsal
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Ventral
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Towards the stomach
Anterior
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Towards the back
Towards the front end
Posterior
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Towards the rear end
Directions
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Superior
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SUPERIOR
Below another structure
LATERAL
Lateral
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Above another structure
Inferior
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MIDLINE
Toward the side, away from
the midline
Medial
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Toward the midline, away
from the side
MEDIAL
INFERIOR
Slices/Planes
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Coronal/Frontal Plane
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Sagittal Plane
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Shows brain structures
from the front
Shows brain structures
from the side
Horizontal Plane
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Shows brain structures
from above
Central Nervous System (CNS)
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Brain
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All voluntary
movement and some
involuntary
Spinal Cord
Communication
between brain and body
 Most involuntary
movement
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Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
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Somatic Nervous System
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Voluntary movement, skeletal
muscles and external sensory
organs
Autonomic Nervous System
Receives and sends information to
organs
 Sympathetic Nervous System
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Fight or Flight System
 Vigorous Activity
 Stress
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Parasympathetic Nervous System
When you are relaxed
 Increased digestive processes
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The Brain
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Li5nMsXg
1Lk&feature=related
Thanks Melissa!

Limbic System
The Forebrain
Amygdala, fornix,
thalamus, hypothalamus,
olfactory bulb,
cingulated gyrus,
hippocampus and
pituitary gland
FUNCTION: Emotional
behavior, aggression,
recognizing fear in
others, motivation,
eating, drinking, sexual
activity and anxiety
LOCATION: Forms a
border around the
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The Forebrain
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Thalamus
FUNCTION: major sensory relay center,
sends and receives information from the
cerebral cortex
LOCATION: Center of forebrain, walnut
shaped
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THALAMUS
Hypothalamus
FUNCTION: Communicates with
amygdala, temperature regulation
hormone regulation and the 4 F’s
(Feeding, Fleeing, Fighting, and
Fornicating)
LOCATION: Near the base of the brain,
inferior and ventral to the thalamus
HYPOTHALAMUS
The Forebrain

Basal Ganglia
Caudate Nucleus, Putamen,
Globus Palidus, Amygdala,
Thalamus, Nucleus Basalis
FUNCTION: Receives input
from hypothalamus, releases
ACh, arousal, wakefulness,
attention, cognition, voluntary
movement and muscle
coordination
LOCATION: Dorsal Surface of
the Forebrain
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The Midbrain
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Superior/Inferior
Colliculi (Colliculus)
FUNCTION: Routing sensory
information to the thalamus
and cerebral cortex
Inferior – Auditory info
Superior – Visual info
LOCATION: swellings on
each side of the tectum
The Midbrain
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Tegmentum
FUNCTION: motor
functions, regulates
awareness and
attention, some
automatic functions
LOCATION: Ventral
region of the midbrain
The Midbrain

Tectum
FUNCTION:
Controls auditory
and visual responses
LOCATION:
Dorsal region of
midbrain
The Midbrain

Substantia Nigra
FUNCTION:
Dopamine producing
neurons, involved in
reinforcement and
controls voluntary
movement
(involved in Parkinson’s)
LOCATION:
Posterior part of
midbrain
The Hindbrain

Medulla
FUNCTION: vital
functions, breathing,
heart rate, vomiting,
salivation, coughing
LOCATION: Just
above the spinal cord
and an extension of the
spinal cord
The Hindbrain
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Pons
FUNCTION: initiation
of REM sleep, bridges
the right and left
hemispheres of the
cerebellum
LOCATION: anterior
and ventral to the
medulla
The Hindbrain

Cerebellum
FUNCTION: smooth
motor movement,
balance and
coordination, motor
memory
LOCATION: posterior
to the medulla
The Hindbrain
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Reticular Formation
FUNCTION: filters
out unnecessary
information – The
Cocktail Party
Phenomenon
LOCATION: System
that includes the
medulla, the pons and
the cerebellum.
The Lobes
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Cerebral Cortex
FUNCTION:
Intelligence,
personality, sensation,
motor function,
planning, and
organization
LOCATION:
surrounds the
subcortical structures,
gray convoluted part of
the brain
The Lobes
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Corpus Callosum
FUNCTION:
Connects the two
hemispheres
LOCATION: directly
in the center of the
brain
CORPUS CALLOSUM
Cerebral Cortex
Cerebral Cortex
The Lobes

Frontal Lobe
FUNCTION:
Planning, Organizing
and Motor Control
LOCATION: Most
anterior part of the
brain
The Lobes
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Parietal Lobe
FUNCTION:
Integrates sensory
information
LOCATION:
Posterior to the frontal
lobe
The Lobes
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Temporal Lobe
FUNCTION: Audition
and Speech
LOCATION: Lateral
to midline, Inferior to
parietal lobe
The Lobes

Occipital Lobe
FUNCTION: Vision
LOCATION: Most
posterior part of the
brain
The Ventricles

Cerebrospinal Fluid
FUNCTION: Protects
the brain by
cushioning, provides
hormones and
nutrition for the brain
and spinal cord
LOCATION: Created
in the Choroid Plexus
which lines the
ventricles
The Ventricles

Central Canal
FUNCTION: connects
the ventricles to the
spinal cord
LOCATION: a fluid
filled chamber in the
center of the spinal
cord
The Ventricles
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Lateral Ventricles
LOCATION: lateral to
thalamus, connects 3rd ventricle
to cerebral aquaduct

3rd Ventricle
LOCATION: in the
center of the brain between the
two hemispheres

4th Ventricle
LOCATION: posterior to
the pons and medulla