Download The Roman Republic

The Roman Republic
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Early Romans
Latins- Early
settlers of Rome
EtruscansNorthern Italy
Eventually take
control of Rome
and build it into
a great city.
Build it on 7 hills
for protection.
Only good spot
to cross the
Tiber River
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Roman Society
Patricianswealthy landowners that
controlled the republic. They
were exempt from military
service and led a comfortable life.
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The Plebeians
The common people.
Allowed to take part in the
assembly, but had less power than
the Senate.
Twelve Tables- 451 BCE
Plebeians have Roman laws written.
Gives common people some protection
against unfair patrician decisions.
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The Senate
300 member council of patricians
that made laws and served Rome.
It was the most powerful part of
The Republic.
It was one of the three branches of
government in the constitution of
the Roman Republic.
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The Roman Army
Superior due to its
discipline and
organization.
Used a tight battle
formation originally
developed by Greeks.
Opponents used mob
warfare.
Legion- basic army unit.
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The Punic Wars
264-202 BCE- Series of
wars between Rome and
Carthage
Carthage- N. African city
founded by Phoenicians.
First Punic War
Rome- superior army
Carthage- superior navy
Rome gains Sicily- makes
a province (territory
outside of Italy).
Second Punic War
Hannibal invades Italy.
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Hannibal
Carthaginian
general
Invades Italy from
the north via the
Alps w/ 32
elephants.
Battle of Cannae
Hannibal’s invasion
destroyed the
farms.
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Roman Alliances
How did Rome maintain its alliances
with former enemies?
1. Granted Roman citizenship to allies.
2. Allowed allies to keep local govt.
3. Gave protection and maintained order
in Italy.
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Julius Caesar
Reforms Rome
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Named Pater Patriae ("Father of the Fatherland").
Lowered taxes.
Makes governors responsible to him.
Grants citizenship to conquered peoples.
Stacks Senate with pals
March 15, 44 BCE- Caesar assassinated
Stabbed on the Senate floor
Brutus “et tu Brute?!?”
His bro-in-law Cassius
Beware the Ides of March
Didn’t listen to warning
Unguarded/Unprotected/Unarmed
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Octavian becomes Caesar
Augustus
31 BCE- creates the
Roman Empire
Allows Senate to keep
some power, but he
would retain sole
rulership.
Changes name to
Augustus
“honored and majestic”
Takes title of Caesar
from his great uncle
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Pax Romana
“the Roman Peace”- 20-180 AD
Period of peace and prosperity.
Julio-Claudian dynasty
No real line of succession to the throne.
First four emperors after Augustus were
either related to him or his wife.
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Judean revolt
66 AD- Jews revolt against Rome.
Jerusalem captured and Holy Temple
is destroyed.
Masada- 1000 Jews take refuge in a
mountain fortress.
2 year siege- falls to Rome in 73 AD.
All the Jews inside commit suicide.
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Hadrian
117-138 AD
Devoted to protecting the Empire,
rather than expanding it.
Creates Palestine out of Jewish
territory.
Encourages non-Jews to live there.
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The height of the Roman
empire
Empire stretched from Asia
Minor to the Danube and Rhine
Rivers to Great Britain.
Roman Prosperity
New roads, drained swamps,
irrigation systems for the
deserts.
Roman Citizenship
By 212 AD, virtually all free
people in the Empire became
Roman citizens.
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