Download Greece Chapter 4 Sect 1

Greece Chapter 4 Sect 1
Geography of Greece
Greece is a ______________________ a body of land surrounded on 3-sides
by water.
Many Greeks made a living from the _____________. They were
___________________, _____________________, + _________________.
The soil in Greece is ______________. The land is _________________.
They were able to grow wheat, barley, _____________ + ______________.
The Polis
Citizens were members of a ______________________ community who are
treated as equals with rights + responsibilities. They could ____________,
hold ____________, + own _________________. Non-citizens were
________________ , foreign-born residents, _________________,
+ _________________________.
US + Greek Citizens
1.
2.
3.
4.
can hold office
own property
defend themselves in court
vote
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Name:_________________________________
1.
tyrant
_____
A. official who ruled a state in the Persian Empire
under Darius
2. oligarchy _____
B. person who was conquered + enslaved by the
Spartans
3. democracy _____
C. system of government in which citizens choose
a smaller group to make laws +
governmental decisions on their behalf.
4. helot _____
D. Persian religion; taught humans had the freedom
to choose between right + wrong, goodness
will triumph in the end
5. satrap _____
E. government in which a small group of people
holds power
6. satrapies _____
F. thinker who seeks wisdom + ponders questions
about life
7. Zoroastrianism _____
G. the 20 states into which Darius divided the
Persian Empire
8. direct democracy _____
H. system of government where people gather at
mass meetings to decide on government matters
9. representative democracy _____ I. Person who takes power by force + rules with
total authority
10. philosopher _____
J. government in which all citizens share in running the
government
Sparta
Athens
Both
1.
1.
1.
2.
2.
2.
3.
3.
3.
4.
4.
4.
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Pages 129 + 130 “A Budding Democracy”
Generals
Debt
farmers
laws
Jobs
Oligarchy
landowners
democracy
Peisistratus
citizens
rebel
lottery
slaves
Solon
Cleisthenes
assembly
The government of early Athens was an _________________, like
Sparta. The ___________________ had most of the power. Most of the
people were farmers and most of them were in ____________. The
common people began to _________ against the land-owning nobles.
Both sides trusted a man named ______________. He cancelled all
the farmers’ debts and freed those who had become ______________. He
made it so that all male citizens could participate in the assembly and law
courts.
After Solon, there was chaos. A tyrant named ___________________
gained the support of the poor and took control. He divided large estates
among poor _______________, loaned money, and created new _________.
_______________________ came to power in 508 B.C. He gave the
________________ more power. All male citizens could belong to the
assembly where they could vote on laws, debate important topics, and
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appoint army _______________. He also created a new council of 500
_______________ to propose __________, deal with foreign countries, and
make money decisions. The members of the council were chosen each year
by a ___________. Cleisthenes is credited with creating the Athenian
____________________.
1. Why is Cleisthenes credited with building a democracy in Athens?
2. Why did Athenians choose officials by lottery?
3. Why was Solon popular among some Athenian farmers and unpopular
among others?
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Chapter 4 Section 3
The Persian Empire
I.
The Rise of the Persian Empire
A. __________ the Great built a large empire.
B. He held the Persian Empire together.
1. Treating new __________ well.
2. Built miles of _________.
II.
What was the Persian Government like?
A. ____________ reorganized the government to make it
work better.
B. He divided the empire into 20 states (satrapies) each
ruled by a ___________ who answered to the king.
C. _______________ were paid professionals.
III.
The Persian Religion
A. Zoroaster created Zoroastrianism, one __________.
B. Still has small number of followers today.
The Persian Wars
I.
The Battle of Marathon
A. Athenians waited for Persians to get back
on ______________ and then attack.
B. Athenians send a messenger to announce
victory. He _________ over 25 miles,
delivers message, and then dies.
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II.
Another Persian Strike
A. Persians invade Greece again.
B. Greeks decide to attack ship to cut off
_______________ supply.
C. Greeks lost at the battle of Thermopylae but
slowed Persians enough to get their
______________ ready.
D. Greeks’ smaller, faster __________ were
easier to steer at Salamis + they defeated the
Persians.
E. Greek warships –_____________- had 3
levels of oarsmen on each side. They were
armed w/ a bronze and wood ram that
weighed hundreds of pounds. They used
the ram to sink ships.
III.
What caused the Persian Empire to fall?
A. Weakened by defeat from Greeks.
B. Future rulers raised taxes causing
_________________.
C. Everyone wanted to be king and family
members were trying to kill each other.
D. Became vulnerable to attacks and
conquered by __________ _____
__________________.
Sparta and Athens joined forces to defeat the Persians. Do you think that
this union will last? Why or Why not?
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The Age of Pericles
The Athenian Empire
Delian League – a group of city states (including Athens but not _______________)
united to defend each other against Persia.
Eventually, the Delian League became the Athenian Empire.
Athenian Democracy
Type of Democracy
American Democracy
Direct
Right to Vote
All citizens, male + female
age 18 or over
Laws
Proposed by the council +
approved by a majority in
the assembly
Citizen Involvement
Citizens with voting rights
can vote for or against the
officials who make the laws
p. 140 + 141
The Achievements of Pericles

Leading figure in Athenian ______________ for over 30 yrs.

Demanded loyalty + payment from members of the Delian League

Allowed_________________-class male citizens to run for office and play a
larger role in government

He paid office holders

Rebuilt Athens after the Persian War

Culture blossomed tremendous creativity + learning

Supported artists, architects, writers, + philosophers
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Biography p. 141

Born into a ________________ family

Skilled _________________

Strongly supported democracy for rich and poor

Took power from the few + gave it to _________________

Had famous _____________________ built

Private person; avoided public

Died from ___________________
Daily Life in Athens

Athens
could
not
have
supported
its
bustling
economy
without
_______________.
Roles of Men + Women

Men – worked in the morning, attended meetings or exercised in the afternoon +
discussed politics in the evenings

Women were not equals
o _______________ at 14 0R 15
o Expected to have children + take care of household duties
o Poor women might ______________ with husbands
o Rich women supervised servants, many learned to read + write
The Peloponnesian War
Sparta + their allies surrounded Athens. Pericles knew they couldn’t defeat the
Spartan army. He urged farmers + others to go inside the _____________ __________.
They were safe but a _______________ quickly spread through the over-crowded city
killing more than 1/3 of the Athenians. This weakened Athens but they continued to fight
for ___________ more years when the Spartans defeated them in 404 B.C. All of Greece
had been weakened by this long war. Sparta tried to rule all of Greece but rebellions
started and a new war began.
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Chapter 5 Sect. 1
The Culture of Ancient Greece
I.
Greek Mythology
a. Myths- traditional stories about _______________ + heroes. Many myths are
created to explain things that a people do not understand.
A. Greeks Gods + Goddesses
1. The Greeks believed that gods + goddesses controlled _____________
+ shaped their lives.
2. The 12 most important gods + goddesses lived on
_________________
____________________.
3. Greek gods married, had children, quarreled, played ______________
on each other, and fought ________________.
4. Ritual – a set of actions carried out in a ___________________ way.
5. Greeks believed in afterlife – when people died their ______________
went to a world beneath the earth ruled by __________________.
B. What was a Greek Oracle?
1. The Greeks believed in fate, destiny, + prophecy.
Fate/destiny – certain ________________ are going to happen.
Prophecy – a _____________________ about the future.
2. Oracle – a place, a secret shrine where a priest/priestess spoke for a
_______________/___________________ .
II.
Greek Poetry + Fables
a. Greek poetry + fables taught Greek _____________________.
b. Epic- long __________________ told about heroic deeds.
c. Homer – famous _______________, wrote Iliad + Odyssey
1. Iliad – the prince of _____________ kidnaps the wife of the king of
Sparta. A war follows and drags on for _____________ years outside the
walls of Troy. The Greeks build a huge, hollow, wooden ______________ +
fill it with the best warriors. The Trojans think the Greeks have surrendered +
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given the horse as a _________________. They wheel it inside the city walls
and the city is captured.
2. Odyssey – Tells the story of __________________ + his journey home
after the _____________ _______________. It took him 10 years to get
home and he faces storms, witches, + giants along the way.
A. Who was Aesop?
1.
About 550 B.C. a Greek slave named Aesop made up famous
_________________.
His most famous – Tortoise + the Hare
2. Fable- a short story that teaches a _____________________.
III. Greek Drama
A. Tragedies + Comedies
1. Drama – story told by actors who pretend to be ___________________
in the story. – Today’s movies, plays, + television are all examples.
2. Greeks performed plays in outdoor theatres as part of their
__________________ festivals.
3. Tragedy – a person struggles to overcome difficulties but ___________
– often has an unhappy ending.
4. Comedy – a drama with a_________________ ending – today we use
it to define stories w/ humor.
IV. Greek Art + Architecture
A. Greek artists wanted people to see reason,
___________________, balance, + harmony in their work.
They hoped their art would _______________ people to
base their lives on these ideas.
Answer the following questions on another sheet of paper.
1. What values did the epic poems of Homer teach Greeks?
2. Greek literature tells us what the Greeks thought was important. Choose a modern
book, movie, or television show. Write 5 or more sentences to explain what it would tell
others about our society. Include why you think it tells others these things.
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Ancient Greece Test Projects
Group Options
A.) Song – Choose a song that everyone in your group knows. Keep the tune
and change the words. The words should inform the class on Ancient
Greece. Perform for class, or tape or videotape.
B.) News – A news broadcast that may have taken place in Ancient Greece if
there were news programs then. You may include weather reports, events,
commercials, etc. Perform or videotape.
C.) Myths – act out a myth. You must have costumes, props, etc. Perform or
videotape.
Individual Options
A.)
B.)
C.)
You may choose any of the group options.
Big writing/little picture - Choose 1 of the following topics/people: Sparta
+/or Athens, Olympics, Democracy, Peloponnesian War, Greek
Mythology, Greek art + architecture, Greek philosophers, Alexander the
Great (you may make your own suggestions). Research and write a report
(1-2 pages typed, double spaced, 12 font). Include a “drawn” picture on the
cover page.
Big picture/little writing – same as above but poster sized picture and 3 – 5
sentences on topic.
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Vocab Chapter 5 Sect. 2
Pythagoras – Greek Mathematician
Socrates – philosopher, believed in absolute right and wrong
Plato – believed government should be fair and just, didn’t like
democracy
Aristotle – student of Plato, believed in the idea of just enough,
not too much or too little
Herodotus – Greek historian, known as “Father of History”, tried
to separate fact from fiction, wrote about
Persian Wars
Thucydides – Greek historian, wrote History of the Peloponnesian
War, actually fought in the war
Philosophy – study of the nature and the meaning of life
Philosopher – thinker who seeks wisdom and ponders the
questions of life
Sophist – professional teacher in Ancient Greece
Socratic Method – way of teaching, developed by Socrates, used
question and answer format to force
students to reason
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Chapt. 5 Sect 3
Alexander the Great
Macedonia was north of Greece. By 400 B.C. they had become a powerful kingdom.
Soon after, ____________________ rose to power in Macedonia. He had long admired
______________ culture but needed their _______________ to achieve his goal of
conquering the Persian Empire. He conquered the Greek city-states and as he was about to
invade Persia, he was _________________.
_________________ was Philip’s son. He was 20 years old when he inherited his
father’s throne and his dream of conquering _______________. From an early age
Alexander was trained to be a great warrior and _________________. He often risked
his own life in _______________, which inspired his armies. Alexander always kept a
copy of The Iliad with him as he traveled.
While a child, Alexander’s ________________ instilled his love of all things
Greek. As he conquered lands, Alexander spread Greek _______________ – art, ideas,
religion, architecture, and language. He led his armies to conquer lands from Greece to
the ___________ ___________. In 323 B.C. he returned to Babylon to plan further
invasions. It was there he died of a __________________ at age 32.
If you could only carry one book with you for the rest of your life, which
book would it be and why?
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Complete the Chart
Person
Contributions
Pythagoras
Hippocrates
Archimedes
Eratosthenes
Aristarchus
Explain 2 ways that Greek culture spread.
1.
2.
Write down 6 things about Alexander the Great. You may look back at the
book or your notes.
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Pretend that you were a soldier in an army under Alexander the Great. Write
a journal entry about what you might have done or seen. It must be 10 or
more sentences
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