Download FROM DNA TO YOU

FROM DNA TO YOU
PART ONE: DNA
DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid
 Deoxyribose= sugar
 DNA is made of smaller molecules called
nucleotides. (Sugar + phosphate + base)
 The center “rungs” hold the four bases:

Adenine = Thymine
 Guanine = Cytosine

PAIRING PRACTICE

A section of DNA has the following
sequence:
 CGATTTCCTACCGGA

What is the sequence of its corresponding
strand?
 GCTAAAGGATGGCCT
PART TWO: RNA

RNA = ribonucleic acid

Like DNA, RNA contains four bases but
pairs are :
Adenine = Uracil
 Guanine = Cytosine


RNA is single-stranded (which makes it
smaller), can leave the nucleus, and the
sugar in its backbone is ribose.
RNA, continued

RNA is a copy of DNA that can leave the
nucleus of the cell and be used to build proteins.

The RNA used in transcription, or the copying
process, is called mRNA. The “m” stands for
messenger!

The RNA used in translation, or the building
process, is called tRNA. The “t” stands for
transfer! (We’ll learn more tomorrow)
TRANSCRIPTION PRACTICE

A section of DNA (or gene) has the
following sequence:
 CGATTTCCTACCGGA

What is the sequence of the mRNA
molecule that matches up with it?
 GCUAAAGGAUGGCCU
HOMEWORK

P63-64 #1-3 & read p64 due tomorrow
(THURSDAY)
-----------------------------------------------------
Begin worksheet (3) with reading packet
due FRIDAY
 P64 -65 #1-3 and reading p 65-67 –
preparing for “Dancing with Ribosome”
activity! due FRIDAY

COUNT THE TRIPLETS

How many amino acids will be coded for
by this mRNA gene ?
 GCUAAAGGAUGGCCA

GCU|AAA|GGA|UGG|CCU

5!
Which amino acids?

Codon 1: GCU


Codon 2: AAA


Glycine
Codon 4: UGG


Lysine
Codon 3: GGA


Alanine
Tryptophan
Codon 5: CCU

Proline
Congrats, you just
translated an mRNA strand!
continuing on…
TO REVIEW:

The process of mRNA being produced
from a section of DNA is called ________.


Transcription
The process where a protein is made
based on the information carried in a
segment of mRNA is called _______.

Translation
TRANSLATION
Translation= using mRNA to select the
amino acids to build a protein
 Amino acids= building blocks of a protein
 Three bases in a strand of mRNA (a
triplet) codes for a single amino acid.
 Each triplet is called a codon. [mRNA]
 tRNA holds the anti-codon & carries the
amino acid to the correct location at
ribosome to build a protein

HOMEWORK
 p64-65
#1-3 due Friday
AND
pp65-67…”Dances with
Ribosomes”
 Read
TODAY – Act Out Translation
You will become a part of this process.
 What part will you play?

mRNA (2)- delivers the mRNA codon
sequence to ribosome
 Ribosome (1)- holds structure & announces
the CODON
 Enzyme(s) (1-2) work at the ribosome – proof
reader and helps bond the a.a. together
 tRNA (all other students) – holds an anticodon, picks up correct amino acid, & delivers
aa to ribosome

Please sign up for a role for the activity today.
Sign up on the white board. If you do not
sign up you will be a tRNA
Roles for today are:
mRNA: ___________ & ____________
Ribosome: _______________
Ribosomal Enzyme: ______ & _____
tRNA : all other students
Work for Today
After finishing the Activity alone or pairs
work on:
 P68 #2-5
 WS as displayed
RNA/DNA comparison WS (1)
 Protein Synthesis WS (2)


Reference reading and worksheet (3)
Organize Your Model
Use the Tag Board Paper (choose color)
 Part A --- DNA Model



Part C --- Mutation


Label completely
Note the mutation and identify the type of
deletion, insertion OR substitution
Part D --- mRNA production

Label completely
Tape down completely with names on back!
4/21/15
C: Protein Synthesis; Mutation
P: Notes; Activity review
R: DNA to mRNA occurs in ____ & is called
______. mRNA to Amino Acid sequence OR
protein occurs at the _____ & is called ____.
------------------------------------------------------------------ Please acquire your DNA & RNA model
 Please pull out your notebook and textbook


We will complete the “Dances with Ribosomes” 1st
Let’s review what we did and continue…
Mutations
Changes in the DNA code may lead to a
mutation
 One process in which mutations often
occur is during ________________
 Mutations may be

Harmless (most)
 Harmful
 Helpful


Mutations may also occur during _______.
ERRORS IN DNA

Changes may be a single base pair in a
DNA strand OR large sections of DNA

May occur as a result of a copy error

This can affect the amino acids it codes
for, which in turn affects the proteins built.
Does it matter where the
mutation occurs on the DNA?
If the mutation is an insertion or deletion, is
there more of an effect at the …
Beginning of the DNA code
 Middle of the DNA code
 End of the DNA code
