Download Chapter 14 Section 1 The Crusades

Chapter 14 Section 1
The Crusades
JERUSALEM
Present
day
capital of
Israel
WHY IS IT HOLY FOR ALL
THREE MONOTHEISTIC
FAITHS?
CHRISTIANS FAITH
• CHURCH OF
THE HOLY
SEPULCHER
• Believed to be the
place where Jesus
was crucified and
buried
MUSLIMS FAITH
• Dome of the
Rock
• Believed to be
the place where
Muhammad died
and ascended into
heaven
JEWISH FAITH
•King
Solomon’s
Temple
•10 Century
BCE
•Wall all that
remains
Causes of the Crusades
• Seljuq Turks gained control of
the Palestine-“Holy Land”
• Pope Urban II calls on church
leaders and feudal lords to unite
• Wear the “cross of Christ” into
battle
Why did they join?
• 10,000 European Crusaders“marked with the cross”
–Save their souls (go to heaven
if they died on crusade)
–Some knights hoped to gain
land and wealth
–Merchants went to make money
The First Crusade (1096-1099)
• French and Italian forces travel through
the Byzantine Empire to Palestine
• Difficult trip due to:
– Wool and leather clothing,
– lack of food and water
• Surround the city of Jerusalem; capture
and massacre the Muslim and Jewish
inhabitants
“The population was put to the sword by
the Franks, who pillaged for a
week….the Franks slaughtered more
than 70,000 people, among them a
large number of Imams and Muslim
scholars who had left their homelands
to live in the pious seclusion of the
Holy Place.”
– Ibn al-Athir- Arab Historian
The First Crusade: Results
• Much of the Holy Land under European
control
• Feudal system is introduced in the area
• Trade increases between Europe and the
Holy Land
• Christians and Muslims begin to respect
each other
• Many Europeans adopt Eastern customs,
clothing, and food
The Second Crusade
• 1146 the Turkish Muslims reunited
their forces
• King Louis VII (France) and the
German king, Conrad III, led
separate armies across Europe
• Combined, they attempted but failed
to capture the city of Damascus
• Return to Europe in 1149
The Third Crusade
• Muslim leader Saladin gained control of
Jerusalem
• Armies were led by:
– Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa
– King Philip II of France
– King Richard I of England
• Richard gains a truce; allows for Christian
control of some towns along the Palestinian
coast and to enter Jerusalem freely
Fourth Crusade
• Pope Innocent III gathers French
Knights
• Venetians provide the ships for travel
–Encourage crusaders to attack Zadar
and Constantinople
–Both cities are Christian
• Venetians gain control of Zadar and
the Byzantine trade
Children’s Crusade
• Young people are organized to march
and take over the “Holy Land” for
Christianity
• Lack of training, equipment, and
supplies
– Becomes a hungry, disorganized mob
• Some were sent home by the Pope, some
were tricked into slavery
Weapons and Warfare
• Crossbow
• Catapults
• Digging under walls
• Gunpowder was also introduced to
Europeans by the Muslims
Political Changes
• Many nobles either died or lost their land
to pay for the crusade
– European kings grew stronger without the
lords
• Kings levied new taxes and led armies
from entire countries
• Popes and the Christian church gained
power as organizers of the crusades
Ideas and Trade
• Gained knowledge from the Byzantines
and Muslims
• Began to buy southwest Asian good
such as apricots, lemons, melons, rice,
and sugar