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Transcript
Renaissance The early modern era Objectives List 3 Renaissance artist and their works Describe artistic contributions of the Renaissance Trace the progression of the Renaissance through Europe Renaissance Means “rebirth”; focus on art and learning Change from Medieval times Began in Italy 14th century, lasted until the 16th century (1300-1600) Spread North to the rest of Europe Why Italy? Crusades had opened trade routes Italy became the center for ships and trade Italy had a wealthy merchant class Northern Italy had cities like no where else in Europe Ancestry of Greece and Roman culture Constantinople had fallen to the Turks; scholars came to Rome w/Greek manuscripts Why Italy? Italy was not centralized-strong city states-Milan, Venice, Florence No strong king to taxes the goods Italy’s riches soon attracted trouble Charles VIII King of France took Naples Spain came to the rescue 1494 Italy was a battle ground for 30yrs Humanism The study of classical texts led to humanism: focus of human potential and achievements The Arabs had brought them back to Rome Humanism emphasized art, architecture, classical education and humanities Petrarch Father of Renaissance Humanism Wrote in the style of Cicero The great hunt for literature Wrote poetry and prose in Latin Dante Wrote in the Vernacular Divine Comedy-Journey to Heaven Popularized Hell a hot place What was it before? Chaucer Wrote in the Vernacular Canterbury Tales Criticized society and church practices Christine de Pizan Defended women in her writings Secularism secularism It is acceptable to enjoy life. Live life to the fullest- non-religious Much $ was spent on art, buildings, feasts, clothing, etc. Catholic church was a part of this just as the wealthy were Popes and the wealthy class became patrons (supporters) of the arts Secularism and Humanism Work together to end medieval society and bring forward a new society with new art, literature, and science Emphasis on human achievement Enjoying those achievements Using human achievements to make life more enjoyable The Renaissance Man “A jack of all trades” It means a man should strive to be: Charming, witty, well educated in the classics Be trained in the arts, music, dance Be trained in sword fighting, riding Have self-control Well rounded individual Renaissance Art Art was in abundance; patrons were everywhere Complete break w/ Medieval style art Medieval Art-usually flat and religious-these are good medieval painting Renaissance Art Perspective: 3-d, gives depth to a painting Sculpture and paintings become more life like Glorification of the human body Themes are greatly religious, however there is a mix between Greek subjects and Christianity The new tricks of art Michelangelo Painted the Sistine Chapel One of the most famous artists Sculpted and painted Michelangelo’s David Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel Creation of Man Tomb of Guilano Medici Leonardo da Vinci “Renaissance man” performed autopsies Studied art-religion-science-math He thought of inventions that would not be created until the 20th century Da Vinci Madonna of Carnation The Last Supper Anatomy of the Heart Bones Skis A car?? Botticelli Known for his mythical figures Famous for the Birth of Venus Birth of Venus Venus Raphael One of the most copied Renaissance. Artists Used Madonna’s often expressed emotion Influenced many future artists Annunciation Madonna with Christ Adoration of the Magi Donatello Focused mainly on sculpture His David was the first free standing human sculpture since Greek times Entombment David St Lawrence Questions 1. Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy? 2. How was Italy different from the rest of Europe? 3. How was da Vinci a true “Renaissance” or “universal” man? The Renaissance Spread North Because… The 100 yrs war ended in 1453 Eng and France were ruled by a monarch These monarchs began supporting the arts Because…. Students went to Italy to study art 1494, France invaded Italy: many people fled Italy for safer areas (the North) The Northern Ren developed differently then the Italian Ren./ the North is based more on Christian ideals than secularism Bruegel: Adoration of the Kings Battle about money Peasants wedding Hans Holbein Edward VI Jane Seymour Triumph of Death Albrecht Durer: self portrait 4 Horsemen and Apocalypse Knight, death and devil St. Jerome Melancholy van Eyck: Annunciation Crucifixion and the Last Judgement The Printing Press and Writers Johann Gutenberg built a press in Europe in 1440 His first copy, the Bible, was copied in 1455 (Gutenberg Bible) The Printing press did lots of important things Like… Allowed learning to spread Books become cheaper Availability of books caused a rise in literacy and reading the Bible Helps to bring the Reformation Northern Ren writers adopted humanism, but gave it a religious tone: called Christian Humanists Erasmus: satirical writings, made fun of the clergy, however he was religious Thomas More: wrote Utopia, showed the world w/o the bad human qualities Shakespeare: Ren England, born in 1564 Reflected understanding of human emotion in his plays Greek influence: Julius Ceasar