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Vocabulary Heat Heat • The energy that is transferred from one body to another because of a temperature difference Temperature • A Measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in matter; temperature determines the direction of heat transfer Calorie • The quantity of heat that raises the temperature of 1 g of pure water 1 ºC Btu • British Thermal Unit- quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit Conduction • The process of transferring heat Convection • The transfer of heat through circulation of different temperatures of fluids, density differences cause Radiation • The transfer of energy (heat) through matter or space by waves Celcius • Metric temperature scale Fahrenheit • English temperature unit Kelvin • SI unit of Temperature • 0K=-273 Celcius = -459F Heat of Vaporization • The amount of heat needed to change the state of a substance from a liquid to a gas Freezing Point • Temperature where a liquid changes to a solid Change of phase • Transition b/n solid, liquid, or gas Specific heat • The amount of energy needed to raise the tempertature of 1 kilogram of a material 1 degree Celcius Thermal Energy • The total energy of particles in a material, including both kinetic and potential energy Boiling • The temperature where vapor bubbles form in a liquid and rise to the surface, increasing evaporation Expansion • The process of a substance increasing in volume due to being heatedmolecules move further apart Contraction • The process of a substances volume becoming smaller as it cools- molecules move closer together Absolute Zero • Temperature where all movement ceases • Equal to -273 degrees Celcius or -459 Fahrenheit Heat of Fusion • Amount of energy needed to change a substance from a solid to a liquid state 100/212 • Boiling points of water in Celcius/Fahrenheit 0/32 • Freezing point of water in Celcius/Fahrenheit Insulator • A material that heat cannot move through easily Calorimeter • Instrument used to measure changes in thermal energy Evaporation • Change of state of a substance from a liquid to a gas Condensation • Change of state of a substance from a gas to a liquid Combustion • A chemical reaction that creates heatrapid burning Thermometer • Instrument used to measure heat or kinetic energy Matter • Anything that has mass and takes up space Conductor • Substance that allows heat to move easily through it Kinetic Molecular Theory • All matter is made up up tiny particles that are in constant motion