
Cerebral venous system
... The Cerebral venous system -Applied aspects • The distribution of the superficial cortical veins is not as irregular and variable as is generally supposed, and their examination during the venous phase of the cerebral angiogram may prove helpful in localizing expanding lesions by revealing poor fil ...
... The Cerebral venous system -Applied aspects • The distribution of the superficial cortical veins is not as irregular and variable as is generally supposed, and their examination during the venous phase of the cerebral angiogram may prove helpful in localizing expanding lesions by revealing poor fil ...
theuniversityoftulsa the graduate school development and validation
... sand particles in the flow. Entrained sand particles in production fluids can severely erode pipes and cause failures creating potential safety risk for personnel and environment. A mechanistic model to predict erosion in multiphase flow has been developed in order to understand and evaluate the eff ...
... sand particles in the flow. Entrained sand particles in production fluids can severely erode pipes and cause failures creating potential safety risk for personnel and environment. A mechanistic model to predict erosion in multiphase flow has been developed in order to understand and evaluate the eff ...
CHAPTER 6 THERMOCHEMISTRY
... on the route taken. One can fly directly from Chicago to Denver, or one could fly from Chicago to Atlanta to Los Angeles and then to Denver. Some path-dependent quantities are miles traveled, fuel consumption of the airplane, time traveling, airplane snacks eaten, etc. State functions are path-indep ...
... on the route taken. One can fly directly from Chicago to Denver, or one could fly from Chicago to Atlanta to Los Angeles and then to Denver. Some path-dependent quantities are miles traveled, fuel consumption of the airplane, time traveling, airplane snacks eaten, etc. State functions are path-indep ...
Carbon Dioxide
... is ironic to observe now how much damage has been done (and is still being done) by the CFCs and HCFCs due to their liberated chlorines in the upper atmosphere breaking down the ozone layer. Over the past 60 years or so, many other chemicals such as DDT, PCB, Pb etc have been found to be environment ...
... is ironic to observe now how much damage has been done (and is still being done) by the CFCs and HCFCs due to their liberated chlorines in the upper atmosphere breaking down the ozone layer. Over the past 60 years or so, many other chemicals such as DDT, PCB, Pb etc have been found to be environment ...
Transcripts/2_12 9
... a. There are a lot of things that fan out from the margin of the parotid gland. b. There are vessels like the superficial temporal artery and vein. The auriculotemporal nerve runs with them. It is a branch of V3. All of those come out the base or superior margin of the gland c. The branches of 7 fan ...
... a. There are a lot of things that fan out from the margin of the parotid gland. b. There are vessels like the superficial temporal artery and vein. The auriculotemporal nerve runs with them. It is a branch of V3. All of those come out the base or superior margin of the gland c. The branches of 7 fan ...
cross and radiological studies of the salivary gland in cattle
... which may be help in both anatomy and surgery aspect, for value impartment can easily removal all salivary gland tissue during surgical operation, the large salivary ducts occasionally cannulated to remove obstructions or to inject a contrast medium for radiographic examination and to be able to pal ...
... which may be help in both anatomy and surgery aspect, for value impartment can easily removal all salivary gland tissue during surgical operation, the large salivary ducts occasionally cannulated to remove obstructions or to inject a contrast medium for radiographic examination and to be able to pal ...
Chapter 7 ENTROPY
... 7-4C No. In general, that integral will have a different value for different processes. However, it will have the same value for all reversible processes. 7-5C Yes. 7-6C That integral should be performed along a reversible path to determine the entropy change. 7-7C No. An isothermal process can be i ...
... 7-4C No. In general, that integral will have a different value for different processes. However, it will have the same value for all reversible processes. 7-5C Yes. 7-6C That integral should be performed along a reversible path to determine the entropy change. 7-7C No. An isothermal process can be i ...
FavorPrep Plant Total RNA Mini Kit
... 1. Grind 500 mg (up to 1 g) of plant sample under liquid nitrogen to a fine powder and transfer to a new 50 ml centrifuge tube (not provided). --Note: Do not use plant sample more than 1g, it will lower the total RNA yield. 2. Add 5 ml of FARB Buffer (ß-ME added) to the sample powder and vortex vigo ...
... 1. Grind 500 mg (up to 1 g) of plant sample under liquid nitrogen to a fine powder and transfer to a new 50 ml centrifuge tube (not provided). --Note: Do not use plant sample more than 1g, it will lower the total RNA yield. 2. Add 5 ml of FARB Buffer (ß-ME added) to the sample powder and vortex vigo ...
OVERVIEW OF VEINS OF THE BODY
... Convey the blood from the capillaries of the different parts of the body to the heart. Vein color is determined in large part by the color of venous blood, which is usually dark red as a result of its low oxygen content. Veins appear blue because the subcutaneous fat absorbs low frequency light, per ...
... Convey the blood from the capillaries of the different parts of the body to the heart. Vein color is determined in large part by the color of venous blood, which is usually dark red as a result of its low oxygen content. Veins appear blue because the subcutaneous fat absorbs low frequency light, per ...
Get PDF - IOS Press
... somewhat greater than that of the anterior-branching types. However, our classification was not so strict. There were variations in the branching pattern of the renal artery such that in one vessel, the right renal artery emanated anteriorly, while the left renal artery emanated laterally, and vice ...
... somewhat greater than that of the anterior-branching types. However, our classification was not so strict. There were variations in the branching pattern of the renal artery such that in one vessel, the right renal artery emanated anteriorly, while the left renal artery emanated laterally, and vice ...
development of a strategy for energy efficiency improvement in a
... The development of a focused, reliable and representative model of an operating process is a prerequisite to the optimization and fine tuning of its energy performance. A four-pronged procedure has been developed: data gathering, master diagram, utilities systems analysis, and simulation. The comput ...
... The development of a focused, reliable and representative model of an operating process is a prerequisite to the optimization and fine tuning of its energy performance. A four-pronged procedure has been developed: data gathering, master diagram, utilities systems analysis, and simulation. The comput ...
PERSONAL CARE - Nexeo Solutions
... Functions as an aesthetically pleasing SPF booster. Built on a unique hollow sphere technology that enables greater SPF efficiency in sun care and daily wear SPF products. The hollow spheres raise the UV absorption over the whole UVA/UVB spectrum, working equally well with organic and inorganic acti ...
... Functions as an aesthetically pleasing SPF booster. Built on a unique hollow sphere technology that enables greater SPF efficiency in sun care and daily wear SPF products. The hollow spheres raise the UV absorption over the whole UVA/UVB spectrum, working equally well with organic and inorganic acti ...
Countercurrent exchange

Countercurrent exchange is a mechanism occurring in nature and mimicked in industry and engineering, in which there is a crossover of some property, usually heat or some component, between two flowing bodies flowing in opposite directions to each other. The flowing bodies can be liquids, gases, or even solid powders, or any combination of those. For example, in a distillation column, the vapors bubble up through the downward flowing liquid while exchanging both heat and mass.The maximum amount of heat or mass transfer that can be obtained is higher with countercurrent than co-current (parallel) exchange because countercurrent maintains a slowly declining difference or gradient (usually temperature or concentration difference). In cocurrent exchange the initial gradient is higher but falls off quickly, leading to wasted potential. For example, in the diagram at the right, the fluid being heated (exiting top) has a higher exiting temperature than the cooled fluid (exiting bottom) that was used for heating. With cocurrent or parallel exchange the heated and cooled fluids can only approach one another. The result is that countercurrent exchange can achieve a greater amount of heat or mass transfer than parallel under otherwise similar conditions. See: flow arrangement.Countercurrent exchange when set up in a circuit or loop can be used for building up concentrations, heat, or other properties of flowing liquids. Specifically when set up in a loop with a buffering liquid between the incoming and outgoing fluid running in a circuit, and with active transport pumps on the outgoing fluid's tubes, the system is called a Countercurrent multiplier, enabling a multiplied effect of many small pumps to gradually build up a large concentration in the buffer liquid.Other countercurrent exchange circuits where the incoming and outgoing fluids touch each other are used for retaining a high concentration of a dissolved substance or for retaining heat, or for allowing the external buildup of the heat or concentration at one point in the system.Countercurrent exchange circuits or loops are found extensively in nature, specifically in biologic systems. In vertebrates, they are called a Rete mirabile, originally the name of an organ in fish gills for absorbing oxygen from the water. It is mimicked in industrial systems. Countercurrent exchange is a key concept in chemical engineering thermodynamics and manufacturing processes, for example in extracting sucrose from sugar beet roots.Countercurrent multiplication is a similar but different concept where liquid moves in a loop followed by a long length of movement in opposite directions with an intermediate zone. The tube leading to the loop passively building up a gradient of heat (or cooling) or solvent concentration while the returning tube has a constant small pumping action all along it, so that a gradual intensification of the heat or concentration is created towards the loop. Countercurrent multiplication has been found in the kidneys as well as in many other biological organs.