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Transcript
SHANTILAL SHAH ENGINEERING COLLEGE GEOTECNICS OVERVIEW OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF SOIL IN GUJARAT/INDIA Made bye:- ① BHIL UMANG M. (1011) ② BHOYE DIPAKBHAI S. (1012) ③ BHURANI ALIRAJA A. (1013) ④ BHUVA ANKIT P. (1014) ⑤ CHAUDHARI HEMANTKUMAR. (1015) ⑥ CHAUDHARY JEETENDRAKUMAR. (1016) ⑦ CHAUHAN JATINBHAI B. (1017) ⑧ CHAVDA LALITBHAI K. (1018) ⑨ CHAVDA PARTHKUMAR N. (1019) ⑩ CHHUCHHAR SAVDAS G. (1020) SOILS. The clay particles exhibit properties of particles in colloidal state. This includes water retaining capacity as well. The texture of the soil (Particle) depends upon the relative proportions of particles of different sizes. Thus, the soil can be classified as sandy, loamy and clayey depending upon the amount of sand silt, clay and humus in it. A loamy soil is most suitable for plant growth as it contains some large particles to keep the soil porous and smaller particles for increasing its water holding capacity. SOIL IN INDIA Soil is composite with four compound. 1 Minerals ores. 2 Organic compound. 3 Water. 4 Air. AIR 25% WATER 25% MINERALS 45% ORGANIC MATERIALS 5% We are know that soil is divided in to three types. But in the past it was categorized as fertile and sterile soil.According to the fertility of the soil. Soil can also be divided into red, black, yellow and gray according to the color of the soil. But now-a-days soil in India can be classified under six heads. Namely1 Alluvial Soil 2 Black Soil 3 Red soil 4 Laterite Soil 5 Mountain Soil 6 Desert Soil ALLUVIAL SOIL This soil is stored in the river valley or low lands of the plateau or higher regions. It is very fertile. One can find clay, sand and small pretty pebbles in it. It is found in Uttarpradesh, Hariyana, Bihar, West- Bengal & Andhrapradesh. BLACK SOIL This soil is created by the discharges of Volcanoes.One can find magnesium and iron in it. It is very useful for the production of cotton and sugar-cane. It can keep water very well. This soil is available in Maharastra, Andhrapradesh, Madhyapradesh RED SOIL Red soil is created by the erosion of Igneous rock. It looks red as there enough iron-oxide. This soil is very fertile as it is constituted by small ingridents. This soil can be found in Tamilnadu, Karnataka, Andhrapradesh, Orissa & Jharkhand. LATERITE SOIL This is red color.This is a mixture of clay and pretty pebbles in it. It is sterile and not fit for agriculture.This soil can be found in the mountainous regions of Orissa, Karnataka, Kerala and Assam. MOUNTAIN SOIL This soil is created by the decomposition of dry leaves and organic materials. It is very fertile as it is mixed with organic materials. This soil can be found in the mountain regions of Mahalaya, Arunachal Pradesh and Jammu & Kashmir. DESERT SOIL This soil is mainly constituted by the mixture of sand. There is no organic materials in this soil. This soil can not be used in agricultural purposes due to lack of water. This soil is seen in the dry regions of India like Rajasthan, Punjab and Hariyana.