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ISLAM AND MUHAMMAD Key Concepts: Describing the founder, teachings, customs, and traditions/beliefs of Islam. THE LIFE AND TEACHINGS OF MUHAMMAD Muhammad was born in A.D., 570 to powerful Mecca family. Muhammad the Prophet Muhammad believed God (Allah) spoke to him through the angel Gabriel. Muhammad began preaching that there was only 1 God and all other gods must be rejected. People who believe this basic idea of Islam are called Muslims. Islam means “peace through submission to the will of God.” ISLAMIC BELIEFS, PRATICES, AND LAW The Qur’an and the Sunnah Muhammad Begins Preaching Muhammad had little success at first. Early Muslims were persecuted. Muhammed fled from Mecca in 622 to Yathrib (renamed Medina). Medina: City of the Prophet” o The migration is called the Hijrah. Muhammad’s teachings converted many to Islam. Muslim Daily Life Muhammad’s Leadership In 630 Muhammad led 10,000 Muslims back to Mecca and forced the city to surrender. Muhammad forgave the Meccans and went to the Ka’aba. Muhammad was a religious, political, and military leader. o By the time of his death in 632, Muhammed unified much of the Arabian Peninsula under Islam. **Mecca was an important religious center in the Arabian Peninsula. **The Ka’aba is an important religious shrine located in the middle of the city. Islam’s main teaching; there is only 1 God, Allah. o God revealed his words through Gabriel, who passed them to Muhammad. Followers listened to Muhammed’s teachings and memorized the scripture (holy book), the Qur’an. Muslims believe that Muhammed’s mission was to teach Qur’an but to apply its teachings. o Sunnah: Muhammed’s words and deeds. Sunnah: guides for proper living. Qur’an and Sunnah guidelines were later organized into a body of law for Muslims. Muslims follow the Five Pillars of Islam. o FAITH: 1 god (Allah) and Muhammad was his prophet. o PRAYER: Muslims pray 5 times a day and specific times, always facing Mecca. o ALMS: Give to the poor/needy o FASTING: Fast during Ramadan year, avoiding all food/drink between sunrise and sunset. o PILGRAMAGE: Travel to holy city of Mecca once during a lifetime. Muslims are forbidden to: o Each pork o Drink alcoholic beverages o Friday afternoons are for community worship/prayer o Muslims gather at a mosque. All mosques face Mecca. CONNECTIONS TO JUDAISM AND CHRISTIANTIY Muslims trace the beginnings of their religion to Abraham. Muslims, Jews, and Christians believe Abraham was a prophet of God. Allah is the same God that is worshiped by Christians and Jews. Muslims believe Jesus was a prophet, not the son of God. Muslims call Christians and Jews “people of the book”. o Christianity and Judaism have holy books with similar teachings as the Qu’ran. Muslims believe the Qu’ran is the word of God revealed to Muhammad. o Christians/Jews also believe that God’s word is revealed in their holy books. Muslims believe the Qu’ran is the final book and that Muhammed was the last prophet. All 3 religious followers believe in heaven, hell, and a final judgement day.