Download DNA Structure and Function

12 Week CCA Review
Name ____________________
DNA Structure and Function
1. DNA is a __________________________ (one of the four types of biomolecules) it is made up of units called
____________________________.
2. What is the function of DNA?
3. DNA nucleotides are made up of three things. What are those three things?
_____________________(know the specific sugar!), a ____________________, and a ____________________
4. What are the four nitrogenous bases found in DNA?
5. In DNA, Adenine (A) pairs with__________________ (___), and Guanine (G) pairs with ________________ (___).
A
___
_
__
__
G
6. What is a chromosome?
7. Label the drawing. Word Bank: Deoxyribose, Phosphate group, Nitrogen Base, Hydrogen Bond, and Nucleotide
a.
d.
b.
e.
c.
DNA Replication
8. Before a cell divides, it must replicate its _______________. This replication occurs during the _______________
stage of interphase.
9. During replication the two strands of the DNA are separated. It is a lot like unzipping a zipper. What are the
bonds that are broken when the DNA is “unzipped”? Where are these bonds located?
10. Which picture shows DNA replication?
A.
B.
C.
11. Create the complementary DNA sequence for this sequence of DNA.
TACCCATAGCAT
Transcription of mRNA
12. Which picture in question #10 shows the process of transcription?
13. Eukaryotic cells have a problem. Their DNA contains the coded instructions for making proteins, but it is stuck
in the nucleus of the cell. How does the cell get the message out to the ribosomes out in the cytoplasm?
14. How many strands does RNA have?
What is the 5-carbon sugar in RNA?
What are the four nitrogenous bases found in RNA?
15. In RNA, Adenine (A) pairs with__________________ (___) ,and Guanine (G) pairs with _______________ (___).
A
G
___
_
__
__
16. What is the function of Messenger RNA (mRNA)?
17. Create the complementary mRNA sequence for this sequence of DNA.
TACCCATAGCAT
18. Label the DNA template and the mRNA in the picture.
a.
b.
Translation and Protein Synthesis
19. The textbook definition of translation is the decoding of a mRNA message into a polypeptide chain. Write out a
definition in your own words.
20. The three-nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid is a
___________________. The group of three bases on a transfer RNA molecule that are complementary to an
mRNA codon is an _____________________.
21. Transfer RNA (tRNA) is pictured below. Describe its function in the process of translation?
22. Label the drawing.
Word Bank:
- Ribosome
- Transfer RNA (tRNA)
- Messenger RNA (mRNA)
- Polypeptide
- Codon
- Anti-codon
D. ___________
E.________________
A.____________
B. ____________
F.
C. ______________
23. Follow the processes of DNA Replication, mRNA transcription, and translation. Use base-pairing rules to fill in
the shapes.
mRNA Transcription
DNA
Note: This
C
T
A
Replication
group is the
tRNA anticodon
Translation
Use the Codon Wheel or Codon Chart for Questions 24 – 25
24. Transcribe the following DNA sequences into
mRNA codons, then use the codon wheel or
codon chart to find the correct amino acid
sequence (polypeptide).
Example :
DNA = TACCCACATATC
mRNA = AUGGGUGUAUAG
Amino Acid Sequence =
Met (Start) – Gly – Val – Stop
A. DNA = TACGATGAGACT
B. DNA = TACCTCGGGATT
C. DNA = TACTTTTTCACT
D. DNA = TACGTAGTTGTCATT
25. Mutations of the DNA often result in one of the
nitrogen bases being changed to a different
base. For example a mutation could change the
DNA sequence adenine – thymine – guanine
(ATG) to adenine – thymine – cytosine (ATC).
A. What is the mRNA codon for the DNA
sequence ATG?
B. What amino acid matches the mRNA
codon?
C. What is the mRNA codon for the mutated
DNA sequence ATC?
D. What amino acid (if any) matches the
mutated mRNA codon?
E. What effect do you think this would have on the production of the protein?