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Indonesia puts forest compensation at top of Bali climate meet agenda
BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, 17:21 GMT, 22 November 2007, 248 Words, (English)
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WC 248 Words
PD 22 November 2007
ET 17:21
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Text of report by Indonesian newspaper Suara Merdeka website on 21 November
This article reported that State Minister for the Environment Rachmat Witoelar
said one of the main initiatives that Indonesia will be campaigning for at the
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) meeting in Bali
will be financial assistance to countries possessing vast areas of forest in
return for forest conservation efforts.
TD
"What we will be campaigning for in Bali is Reducing Emissions from
Deforestation in Development (REDD). This is the most important item on the
programme for Indonesia and other countries which have tropical rainforests," he
said.
Witoelar explained that if the proposal is agreed to, Indonesia and other
countries with rainforests will receive funds from countries and international
institutions which have an interest in conserving the forest. He said that with
such an initiative in place, forest conservation would bring greater benefit to
Indonesia than logging.
Witoelar reportedly cited Bengkulu as an example of the potential benefits of
the initiative. Ceasing exploitation of the forest in Bengkulu, which has more
than 1 million hectares of forest, could earn Indonesia around USD 20 million in
compensation per year.
Witoelar reportedly explained that the funds would be distributed among the
districts, and that the amount of funds involved would be dramatically larger
than those given by the central government through the national budget.
Source: Suara Merdeka website, Semarang, in Indonesian 21 Nov 07
RF a74a6f03
NS genv: Environmental News | gclimt: Climate Change | gcat:
Political/General News | gglobe: Global/World Issues | gwea: Weather
RE indon: Indonesia | timor: East Timor | asiaz: Asian Countries/Regions |
devgcoz: Emerging Market Countries | dvpcoz: Developing Economies | seasiaz:
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Indonesia's forests: a precious resource in climate change fight?
Agence France Presse, 02:53 GMT, 23 November 2007, 620 Words, (English)
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BY AUB
WC 620 Words
PD 23 November 2007
ET 02:53
SN Agence France Presse
SC afpr
LA English
CY Copyright Agence France-Presse, 2007 All reproduction and presentation
rights reserved.
LP
PANGKALAN KERINCI, Indonesia, Nov 23, 2007 (AFP) Indonesia's vast forests have long been seen by governments and businesses alike
as a resource to be exploited for massive profit.
TD
But as worldwide climate negotiations approach in Bali next month, keeping the
nation's forests just as they are could become a new multi-billion-dollar
industry.
A drive to do just that is called Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and
Degradation (REDD), which in its simplest form proposes to transform the carbon
saved by not cutting down trees into a tradeable commodity.
The proposal is especially pressing in Indonesia, where the clearing and burning
of peatlands -- ecosystems comprising swamps of semi-decomposed plantlife -account for four percent of total global greenhouse gas emissions, according to
Greenpeace.
Swathes of peatland are being cleared to make way for pulp and paper
plantations, and the booming palm oil industry.
But Indonesia is slowly waking up to the hidden cost of releasing the huge
stores of carbon kept in peatland, said Daniel Mudiyarso, an expert at
Indonesia's Centre for International Forestry Research.
"We used to hear the term 'marginal land' for this kind of ecosystem, but our
awareness (of its importance) is increasing," Mudiyarso said.
The December 3-14 UN summit will bring together delegates from around the world
-- including more than 100 ministers -- to work on a framework for talks on a
global regime to combat climate change after the current phase of the Kyoto
Protocol ends in 2012.
Under the protocol as it now stands, nations that replant destroyed forests or
plant new trees can gain climate credits, which can be bought and sold on the
global market.
But there are still no significant financial incentives for countries such as
Indonesia to not cut their forests in the first place, said Fitrian Ardiansyah,
the head of WWF Indonesia's climate change campaign.
Indonesia is spearheading the charge to get REDD recognised. It has helped put
together the so-called F11 grouping, made up of developing nations with the
largest remaining tropical forests.
If REDD becomes a part of a global agreement after 2012 -- when the current
phase of Kyoto expires -- it would mean avoided deforestation credits would be
part of a global carbon market with a global carbon price, as opposed to the ad
hoc voluntary schemes that now exist.
The potential worldwide market for REDD credits could be 15 billion dollars a
year, estimates Rizaldi Boer, an academic from Indonesia's Bogor Agricultural
University. He estimated Indonesia's share at around two billion dollars.
A recent meeting between the Indonesian government, non-government organisations
and foreign donors in Jakarta at the start of November aimed to set the wheels
in motion for Indonesia's REDD push at Bali.
But not all signs are good that Indonesia's leaders are pursuing REDD with a
single-minded focus.
The nation's environment minister Rachmat Witoelar was a no-show at the
conference. The forestry minister Malem Sambat Kaban did turn up to address the
conference, but spent much of the week under attack for writing a letter of
recommendation for businessman Adelin Lis, who was acquitted of illegal logging
charges in early November, triggering an outcry from environmentalists, the
media and politicians.
"My principle is everything should be beneficial for Indonesia, everything
should have advantages for Indonesia," Kaban told the conference.
"Like it or not, we have to create initiatives to reduce greenhouse gas
emissions and realise we have to do it with other nations."
Kaban stressed however that the government was not out to freeze landclearing
altogether, saying: "The REDD scheme will not be something counterproductive to
plantations."
aub/sb/lod
NS gclimt: Climate Change | genv: Environmental News | e11: Economic
Performance | ecat: Economic News | gcat: Political/General News | gglobe:
Global/World Issues | gwea: Weather
RE indon: Indonesia | asiaz: Asian Countries/Regions | devgcoz: Emerging
Market Countries | dvpcoz: Developing Economies | seasiaz: Southeast Asian
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IPD Indonesia | environment | forests | trade FEATURE
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Govt prepares to plant 79 million trees
The Jakarta Post, 24 November 2007, 480 Words, (English)
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The Jakarta Post , Jakarta
480 Words
24 November 2007
The Jakarta Post
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(c) 2007 The Jakarta Post
LP
The government is very optimistic that its effort to present a gift to the world
by planting 79 million trees next week will make a significant contribution
toward curbing global warming.
The planting, to take place on Nov. 28, has been designed a national event in
which people at around 79,000 locations all over Indonesia will plant trees at
exactly the same time.
TD
President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono will kick off the action from Jonggol, West
Java, at 9 a.m., while people in the middle and eastern parts of Indonesia will
carry out the planting at 10 a.m. and 11 a.m., respectively.
Forestry Minister M.S. Ka'ban said the campaign related to Indonesia's role as
the host of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
talks in December.
During the Bali meetings, Indonesia will propose a scheme called Reducing
Emissions from Deforestation in Developing Countries (REDD). The scheme is
expected to provide an opportunity for countries willing to conserve their
forests be compensated financially for each ton of carbon gas the forests
absorb.
"Over the next three years, the trees can be expected to grow to around two
meters high and start effectively absorbing carbon dioxide (CO2). One hectare of
land packed with six-year-old trees can absorb around 200 tons of CO2 per year,"
Ka'ban said during a press conference at the Forestry Ministry on Friday.
He hoped the world would see the effort as a strong signal that Indonesia was
serious about the REDD proposal. He added that it would be unfair if Indonesia
had to bear the responsibility of preserving its forests, losing its right to
benefit from them, while other countries enjoy the outcome for free.
"At least Rp 216 trillion is needed for replanting all of Indonesia's forests
that have been damaged," he said.
He explained that the total cost for the 79-million-tree planting campaign would
be around Rp 1.28 trillion (US$136.7 million). "The fund was generated from
forestry businessmen all over Indonesia, while almost all of the seedlings come
from the Forestry Ministry stockpiles."
The committee chairman for the campaign, Soetino Wibowo, explained that the
target number of 79 million trees was based on the total number of state
institutions throughout Indonesia that would participate.
"We have around 79,000 state institutions, the national, provincial, regental,
district and sub-district and municipal levels, as well as the police and
military branches. Every institution will plant at least 1,000 trees. However,
we are sure that they can do more," Soetino said.
He also said that the planting campaign would be followed up by efforts to care
for the trees over the next three years. "The first three years are the most
critical period of growth," he said. ( uwi )
NS
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Market Countries | dvpcoz: Developing Economies | seasiaz: Southeast Asian
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REPORT: PEATLAND CONVERSION BRINGS LITTLE ECONOMIC BENEFITS
LKBN ANTARA, 25 November 2007, 595 Words, (English)
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PD 25 November 2007
SN LKBN ANTARA
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Jakarta, 25/11 (ANTARA): Conversion of forests and peatland for land uses in
Indonesia had generated very little economic benefits, while releasing huge
amounts of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, a recent report stated.
A team of researchers from the World Agro-forestry Centre (ICRAF), the Center
for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) and the Indonesian partners held a
study that covers three provinces in the country forming 16 percent of the land
area and accounts for about 16 percent of Indonesia's greenhouse gas emissions.
TD
Dr Meine van Noordwijk, Regional Coordinator for the World Agro-forestry Centre
(ICRAF) in Southeast Asia, explained on Sunday that the study combined data on
land use changes and carbon dioxide emissions in these provinces over a 15-year
period.
It calculated the economic benefits derived from different types of land uses,
such as oil palm, rubber, coffee, and mixed agro-forestry.
"The provinces emit 400 megatons of carbon dioxide (CO2) per year from the
conversion of forests and peatland," Noordwijk said, "We found that less than 2
percent of these emissions resulted in clear economic benefits generating more
than US$ 15 per ton of CO2 emitted."
Six percent of the emissions generated benefits between US$ 5 and US$ 15 per ton
of CO2, a little more than half of emissions generated between $ 1 and $ 5 of
benefits and about 40 percent between 0 and $ 1 per ton of CO2.
The recent study by the Alternatives to Slash and Burn (ASB) partnership is
based on data collected in three provinces, East Kalimantan, Jambi, and Lampung,
from year 1990 to 2005.
Data collection started in 1994 and is unique in that it covers the whole range
of land uses between agriculture and forestry.
Furthermore Noordwijk warned that international mechanisms, which will be
discussed at the upcoming UN Climate Change meeting in Bali, must not only look
at 'forests' but also all types of land uses for their potential to reduce
emissions.
These findings could be seen as a real opportunity for Indonesia to gain
benefits from the international carbon market which compensates for Reducing
Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD).
The European carbon market last week paying 23 Euro per ton of CO2, while some
emissions in Indonesia only received benefits of 0,23 Euro per ton of CO2.
"REDD as currently discussed will only address part of the issues and it is not
yet clear how incentives will reach the people on the real ground who need to
benefit from changing land uses," Noordwijk said noting the importance of
providing alternative income for the people living in peatland areas such as
Kalimantan island.
In 1987, it is estimated Indonesia has 17 million hectares of peatland, smaller
than before, covering 20 million hectares. This decrease is caused by
conversions and fires.
In the 1987-2000 period, the ASEAN Initiative Body for Peatland Management noted
3 million hectares of peat in Indonesia again decreased because of land
conversion for palm oil, timber, and fires.
Peatland in Indonesia is found in three major islands, Sumatera 4,6 million
hectares, Kalimantan 3,5 million hectares, and Papau 8,7 million hectares.
Wetlands International estimates biofuel expansion policy in Indonesia will only
bring a huge forest and peatland destruction.
The lost of peatland in Indonesia will be equal to releasing 50 billion tons of
carbon into the atmosphere. The amount will reach the same volume of emissions
from fossil fuel burning in 6 years, and might increase the world average
temperature by an average of 2 degrees Celcius.
NS gclimt: Climate Change | genv: Environmental News | ncdig: Corporate
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ADVANCED NATIONS OWE RI RP5-6 TRILLION THIS YEAR
LKBN ANTARA, 26 November 2007, 409 Words, (English)
RI NEEDS TO USE THREE BARGAINING POSITIONS IN UNCCC
LKBN ANTARA, 26 November 2007, 396 Words, (English)
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HD ADVANCED NATIONS OWE RI RP5-6 TRILLION THIS YEAR
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WC 409 Words
PD 26 November 2007
SN LKBN ANTARA
SC antara
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CY (c) 2007 Asia Pulse Pty Limited. Asia Pulse gives no warranty or guarantee
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LP
Merauke, Nov 26 (ANTARA): Forestry Minister MS Kaban said industrialized
countries owed Indonesia about Rp5-6 trillion because it was able to reduce its
tree felling by 5.5 million cubic meters of its production forests this year.
"We have 12 million cubic meters of potential production forests to be cut
annually, but this year the government only proposed to the House of
Representatives to cut 9.1 million cubic meters. Of the 12 million cubic meters
potential, we only cut 6.5 million cubic meters. So, we have a difference of 5.5
million cubic meters of trees which were not cut down," the minister said.
TD
He said that Indonesia should ideally get a compensation from advanced nations
in the form of incentives for reforestation.
The Kyoto Protocol allows developing countries to host green projects to reduce
greenhouse gas emissions under the Clean Development Mechanism.
In return, the developing countries may trade tons of carbon reduction to
developed nations that have binding targets to cut emissions. Carbon educations
are worth up to US$10 a ton.
The problem is that so far no advanced nation has provided incentives for
Indonesia which has tried its best to preserve its forests, particularly its
conservation forests, he said.
The minister said Indonesia only needed to develop nine million hectares of
timber estates (HTI) to meet the need of its national timber industry for raw
materials.
Indonesia is now working together with 11 other countries with rain forests to
fight for incentives in compensation of their efforts to preserve forests and
reduce carbon emissions.
"Indonesia is offering a mechanism called the reduction of Emissions from
Deforestation in Developing Countries (REDD) where advanced states are requested
to provide incentives for developing countries which host rain forests," the
minister said.
On the occasion the minister also mentioned an unfair attitude of the developed
nations they often showed with regard to climate change.
He said that two relatively advanced countries, Malaysia and Singapore were
often unfair when Indonesian haze from Kalimantan and Sumatra entered into their
land.
They lodged a protest when the haze came, but kept quiet when illegal logs from
Indonesia entered. They even accepted and gave them labels to look legal.
Kaaban said oil and coal fired to operate industries in developed nations had
triggered major global warming, raising the world's temperature by 1-1.5 degrees
Celsius above the normal level.
NS gclimt: Climate Change | genv: Environmental News | gcat:
Political/General News | gglobe: Global/World Issues | gwea: Weather
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Market Countries | dvpcoz: Developing Economies | seasiaz: Southeast Asian
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WC 396 Words
PD 26 November 2007
SN LKBN ANTARA
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Jakarta, Nov 26 (ANTARA): Indonesia has three strong bargaining positions it
could use to fight for its goals in the United Nations Framework Convention on
Climate Change (UNCCC) to be held in Bali on December 3 to 14, 2007.
Executive Director of Greenomics Indonesia, Elfian Effendi, said here on Monday
that Indonesia's forests possess high economic values as they functioned as the
world's biggest carbon absorbers and place of carbon concentration.
TD
He said the first bargain was that Indonesia still had 36.5 million hectares of
conservation and protected forests, which, due to its ability to absorb carbon,
had an economic value of about 105-113.7 billion US dollars.
Besides protected forest, Indonesia also still has 36.7 million hectares of
production forests which have an economic value of about 111.46 - 120.74 billion
dollars.
The combined economic value of the carbon absorption of the protected and
production forests reached between 216.4 - 234.4 billion, he said.
The second bargaining position, according to Elfian, is the economic value of
Indonesia's forests in the context of the Reduction of Emissions from
Deforestation in Developing Countries (REDD) mechanism, which will be financed
by advanced states.
According to Greenomics Indonesia, the REDD Mechanism reduces illegal logging
and conversion of forest production.
But Greenomics suggested however that Indonesia should not be too ambitious
about the REDD mechanism because it would adversely reduce the economic value of
Indonesia's forests.
"If advanced states want Indonesia to be at zero deforestation position on its
production forests, they have to pay some 278.6 billion dollars as
compensation," Elfian said.
The third bargaining position, which Elfian described as 'big ammunition,' is
the carbon concentration which almost reaches 7,000 megatons in Indonesian
forests. The economic value of this carbon concentration is about 134.5 billion
US dollars, he said.
Elfian said that advanced countries must pay 134.5 billion dollars if they
wanted to prevent Indonesia from releasing 7,000 megatons of carbon into the
atmosphere through deforestation.
Greenomics therefore viewed that the REDD mechanism was non other than a form of
global politics in trade competition through environmental issues.
REDD is conspicuously trying to hamper the development of timber estates,
restrict pulp industries and obstruct national palm oil industries on the
pretext of the environment, he said.
IN
i02: Forestry/Logging | i0: Agriculture/Forestry
NS
genv: Environmental News | gcat: Political/General News
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Friendlier gas emission reduction concept from deforestation sought
Organisation of Asia-Pacific News Agencies, 21:35 GMT, 29 November 2007, 822
Words, (English)
Friendlier gas emission reduction concept from deforestation sought
Kyodo News, 04:59 GMT, 29 November 2007, 823 Words, (English)
News Focus: REDD ON CLIMATE CHANGE CANNOT GIVE MUCH BENEFIT, NGO
SAYS
LKBN ANTARA, 28 November 2007, 863 Words, (English)
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29 November 2007
21:35
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© Copyright 2007. OANA. All rights reserved.
LP JAKARTA, Nov. 29 Kyodo - Developing nations are seeking for the
inclusion of a blueprint for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from
deforestation in their countries in a road map expected to be adopted when a
U.N. climate change summit convenes on the Indonesian island Bali next week, the
conference's incoming president said. The concept of Reduction of Emission
from Deforestation in Developing Countries, REDD, has been seen by many as
friendlier than the current Clean Development Mechanism, CDM, under which
requirements and criteria for forestry projects are much more complex. The
REDD scheme was proposed by Indonesia at the 11th Conference of the Parties to
the U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change in Montreal, Canada, two years
ago.
TD ''The REDD will be a part of the (Bali) discussions and as the president
of the UNFCCC, I will push for the inclusion of the concept in the Bali road
map,'' Indonesian Environment Minister Rachmat Witoelar, who is set to become
UNFCCC president next week, told Kyodo News in a recent
interview. ''Hopefully, it can be implemented next year, because developing
countries need it as soon as possible. The world is suffering a lot from climate
change,'' he said. The Bali road map is expected to list a set of decisions
that launch formal negotiations with a specified timetable and end date covering
all relevant elements and supporting the creation of legally binding instruments
that builds on the Kyoto Protocol, which will expire in 2012. The CDM allows
developing countries to host projects aimed at reducing greenhouse gas
emissions, including through energy-based schemes or forestry
activities. The Kyoto Protocol says only afforestation and reforestation are
eligible for CDM in the forestry sector. The protocol defines afforestation
as conversion from land that has not been forested for a period of at least 50
years to forested land through planting and seeding. The projects must be
registered with the U.N. Executive Board for approval. Once they are approved,
the host of the projects will receive a certificate of emissions
reduction. The CERs can be traded with 38 rich countries which, under the
Kyoto Protocol, have to cut their greenhouse gas emissions levels between 2008
and 2012 by 5.2 percent below their 1990 levels. A ton of carbon dioxide
reduction is currently worth between $5 and $10. The complicated requirement
has made many countries not interested in implementing it. On the contrary,
the principle of REDD is simple. To capture more greenhouse gas emissions,
poorer forested countries must preserve their forests, including peat lands. In
return, rich countries must provide financial incentives to them. ''I want a
win-win solution, but the biggest win will be for developing countries,''
Witoelar said. Eleven countries -- Brazil, Cameron, Costa Rica, Columbia,
Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New
Guinea and Peru -- have set up a coalition to promote the REDD concept in
Bali. Deforestation, which releases a significant amount of carbon dioxide,
has made Indonesia the world's third largest emitter of greenhouse gases after
the United States and China, a World Bank report released early this year
said. Rising carbon dioxide levels have been identified as the primary cause
of global warming since 1950 and tropical deforestation already contributes
between 10 and 30 percent of global warming emissions, experts
say. Deforestation is driven by many forces. In some cases, poverty is
the driver, with agricultural populations collecting fuel or expanding the
frontier for subsistence agriculture. In others, opportunities for wealth
generation are the main engine of destruction. Indonesia has 120 million
hectares of forests, the world's third largest after Brazil and the Democratic
Republic of Congo. In another part of the interview, Witoelar said the
United States will come to Bali with a positive spirit to take commitments on
the future climate change regime. The United States is not part of the Kyoto
framework. The United States, which withdrew from the Kyoto Protocol in
2001, has insisted it will only support voluntary, not mandatory, targets for
emission cuts. Witoelar argued, however, that voluntary emission cuts should
only be for developing countries as mandatory ones will hurt their
economies. ''But for developed countries, it should be mandatory,'' he
said. The minister stressed, however, the Bali meeting will not put pressure
on the United States to do so. ''I will go slowly but steadily. Just like
driving a car, let's make a U-turn and go slowly to persuade them,'' he
said. Witoelar also said the most important thing of the Bali talks, slated
for Dec. 3-14, is that all 10,000 delegates from 189 countries can come to the
island with the same spirit. ''The biggest victory for mankind is a common
awareness that we are in peril, that we are facing danger. That will be the
biggest product of the meeting,'' he said. ==Kyodo 2007-11-29 22:24:03
NS gclimt: Climate Change | genv: Environmental News | gwea: Weather |
utdnat: United Nations | gcat: Political/General News | gglobe: Global/World
Issues | ocat: International Pol-Econ Organizations
RE indon: Indonesia | usa: United States | asiaz: Asian Countries/Regions |
devgcoz: Emerging Market Countries | dvpcoz: Developing Economies | namz: North
American Countries/Regions | seasiaz: Southeast Asian Countries/Regions
PUB OANA (Organisation of Asia-Pacific News Agencies)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------AN KYODO00020071129e3bt002e5
HD Friendlier gas emission reduction concept from deforestation sought
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ft=g
BY
CR
WC
PD
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SN
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LA
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Christine T. Tjandraningsih Christine T. Tjandraningsih
Kyodo
823 Words
29 November 2007
04:59
Kyodo News
kyodo
English
(c) 2007 Kyodo News
LP
JAKARTA, Nov. 29 -- Developing nations are seeking for the inclusion of a
blueprint for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation in their
countries in a road map expected to be adopted when a U.N. climate change summit
convenes on the Indonesian island Bali next week, the conference's incoming
president said.
The concept of Reduction of Emission from Deforestation in Developing Countries,
REDD, has been seen by many as friendlier than the current Clean Development
Mechanism, CDM, under which requirements and criteria for forestry projects are
much more complex.
TD
The REDD scheme was proposed by Indonesia at the 11th Conference of the Parties
to the U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change in Montreal, Canada, two
years ago.
''The REDD will be a part of the (Bali) discussions and as the president of the
UNFCCC, I will push for the inclusion of the concept in the Bali road map,''
Indonesian Environment Minister Rachmat Witoelar, who is set to become UNFCCC
president next week, told Kyodo News in a recent interview.
''Hopefully, it can be implemented next year, because developing countries need
it as soon as possible. The world is suffering a lot from climate change,'' he
said.
The Bali road map is expected to list a set of decisions that launch formal
negotiations with a specified timetable and end date covering all relevant
elements and supporting the creation of legally binding instruments that builds
on the Kyoto Protocol, which will expire in 2012.
The CDM allows developing countries to host projects aimed at reducing
greenhouse gas emissions, including through energy-based schemes or forestry
activities.
The Kyoto Protocol says only afforestation and reforestation are eligible for
CDM in the forestry sector.
The protocol defines afforestation as conversion from land that has not been
forested for a period of at least 50 years to forested land through planting and
seeding.
The projects must be registered with the U.N. Executive Board for approval. Once
they are approved, the host of the projects will receive a certificate of
emissions reduction.
The CERs can be traded with 38 rich countries which, under the Kyoto Protocol,
have to cut their greenhouse gas emissions levels between 2008 and 2012 by 5.2
percent below their 1990 levels. A ton of carbon dioxide reduction is currently
worth between $5 and $10.
The complicated requirement has made many countries not interested in
implementing it.
On the contrary, the principle of REDD is simple.
To capture more greenhouse gas emissions, poorer forested countries must
preserve their forests, including peat lands. In return, rich countries must
provide financial incentives to them.
''I want a win-win solution, but the biggest win will be for developing
countries,'' Witoelar said.
Eleven countries -- Brazil, Cameron, Costa Rica, Columbia, Congo, Democratic
Republic of Congo, Gabon, Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea and Peru -- have
set up a coalition to promote the REDD concept in Bali.
Deforestation, which releases a significant amount of carbon dioxide, has made
Indonesia the world's third largest emitter of greenhouse gases after the United
States and China, a World Bank report released early this year said.
Rising carbon dioxide levels have been identified as the primary cause of global
warming since 1950 and tropical deforestation already contributes between 10 and
30 percent of global warming emissions, experts say.
Deforestation is driven by many forces.
In some cases, poverty is the driver, with agricultural populations collecting
fuel or expanding the frontier for subsistence agriculture. In others,
opportunities for wealth generation are the main engine of destruction.
Indonesia has 120 million hectares of forests, the world's third largest after
Brazil and the Democratic Republic of Congo.
In another part of the interview, Witoelar said the United States will come to
Bali with a positive spirit to take commitments on the future climate change
regime.
The United States is not part of the Kyoto framework.
The United States, which withdrew from the Kyoto Protocol in 2001, has insisted
it will only support voluntary, not mandatory, targets for emission cuts.
Witoelar argued, however, that voluntary emission cuts should only be for
developing countries as mandatory ones will hurt their economies.
''But for developed countries, it should be mandatory,'' he said.
The minister stressed, however, the Bali meeting will not put pressure on the
United States to do so.
''I will go slowly but steadily. Just like driving a car, let's make a U-turn
and go slowly to persuade them,'' he said.
Witoelar also said the most important thing of the Bali talks, slated for Dec.
3-14, is that all 10,000 delegates from 189 countries can come to the island
with the same spirit.
''The biggest victory for mankind is a common awareness that we are in peril,
that we are facing danger. That will be the biggest product of the meeting,'' he
said.
==Kyodo
NS gclimt: Climate Change | genv: Environmental News | gwea: Weather | gcat:
Political/General News | gglobe: Global/World Issues
RE indon: Indonesia | asiaz: Asian Countries/Regions | devgcoz: Emerging
Market Countries | dvpcoz: Developing Economies | seasiaz: Southeast Asian
Countries/Regions
IPC 06004000 | 06002000 | 06008000 | 0138
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HD News Focus: REDD ON CLIMATE CHANGE CANNOT GIVE MUCH BENEFIT,
NGO SAYS
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0001&fid=300169454&cat=a&aid=9JOI000500&ns=53&fn=REDD%20and%20Indonesia
&ft=g
WC
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863 Words
28 November 2007
LKBN ANTARA
antara
English
(c) 2007 Asia Pulse Pty Limited. Asia Pulse gives no warranty or guarantee
as to the accuracy of the information, Asia Pulse shall not be liable for errors
or omissions in, or delays or interruptions to or cessation of delivery of, the
data through its negligence or otherwise.
LP
Jakarta, Nov 28 (ANTARA) - The Adaptation Fund is one of the topics that will be
discussed in the Conference of Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in the Indonesian tourist resort island of
Bali next week.
Delegates from over 160 countries are expected to attend the two-week conference
to address increasing global warming that poses a threat to the planet and its
inhabitants.
TD
As host country, Indonesia has drafted a mechanism plan called Reductions of
Emissions from Deforestation in Developing Countries (REDD). The REDD will be
proposed by developing countries to the conference to gain financial incentives
from developed states.
Under the REDD scheme, developing countries would market tons of carbon stored
in their forests to developed countries who have obligations to reduce
greenhouse gas emission.
"The REDD is to be proposed by developing countries who have tropical rain
forests as one of the schemes designed to address climate change after the Kyoto
Protocol expires in 2012," Minister of the Environment Rachmat Witoelar said.
The Kyoto Protocol, which entered into force in 2005, laid down the practical
commitments assumed by states party to implement the Framework Convention's goal
of mitigating global warming.
Indonesia, host of 120.3 million hectares of forests, will set aside 37.5
million hectares of its forests for the REDD project. "If one hectare is paid
US$10 a year, Indonesia will gain US$3.75 billion every year," the minister
said.
Minister Rachmat Witoelar said that at present, developed states were estimated
to have set adaptation fund program amounting to between US$20 and US$30 billion
a year.
The REDD scheme is however not viewed to be a maximal means for addressing
climate change problem. "The so called REDD mechanism designed to reduce gas
emission from deforestation in developing countries cannot be a single tool to
address climate change," Emil Salim, environment expert and Indonesian chief
negotiator for the UNFCCC in Bali, said.
He said that the REDD would not create direct impact because pollution would
continue to take place in line with the process. In case of Indonesia, it would
be required to make a national action plan on climate change.
"There must be a period of time to last before the REDD's impact could be felt.
Therefore, we should continue to mitigate and adapt to climate change whose
influence has been felt by Indonesia today," Emil Salim said.
In the meantime, Elfian Effendi, executive director of Greenomics Indonesia, a
natural resources advocacy non-governmental organization, said the REDD scheme
with which Indonesia is expected to get US$3.75 billion incentive a year,
belittled the economic value of Indonesian forests.
He said Indonesian forests held 7,000 megatons of carbon concentration with an
economic value of about US$134.5 billion.
Advanced countries must pay 134.5 billion dollars if they wanted to prevent
Indonesia from releasing 7,000 megatons of carbon into the atmosphere through
deforestation.
Virtually, Indonesia has a strong bargaining position it could use to fight for
its goals in Bali conference. Indonesia's forests function as the world's
biggest carbon absorbers and place of carbon concentration.
According to Elfian, Indonesia still had 36.5 million hectares of conservation
and protected forests, which, due to its ability to absorb carbon, had an
economic value of about 105-113.7 billion US dollars.
Besides protected forests, Indonesia also still has another 36.7 million
hectares of production forests which have an economic value of about 111.46 120.74 billion dollars.
The combined economic value of the protected and production forests, due to
their capacity to absorb carbon, reached between 216.4 and 234.4 billion, he
said.
"If advanced states want Indonesia to be at zero deforestation position on its
production forests, they have to pay some 278.6 billion dollars as
compensation," Elfian said
Therefore, Elfian suggested that Indonesia should not be too ambitious about the
REDD mechanism because it would adversely reduce the economic value of
Indonesia's forests.
According to Elfian, the REDD would be difficult to be applied in Indonesia
because law enforcement in the country is still weak. "There are 18 institutions
who failed to apply Presidential Instruction No. 4 / 2005 on Illegal Logging and
Log Smuggling," he said.
The REDD scheme has the potential to put a burden on the state budget because
based on the REDD provision, if the forests set aside for the REDD conservation
program, are cut down illegally, Indonesia must pay a compensation.
"The resource to pay the compensation will surely come from the state budget
while the burden that has been borne by the state budget has been very heavy,"
Elfian said.
Therefore, Elfian called on the Indonesian delegation to the UN Framework
Convention on Climate Change to propose a debt write-off to advanced states
because at present foreign debts are posing a heavy burden to Indonesia.
"In 2008, the installment payments of Indonesia's foreign debts will reach
Rp151.2 trillion while its revenues from the exploitation of its natural
resources reached only Rp119 trillion," Effendi said.
NS gclimt: Climate Change | genv: Environmental News | gcat:
Political/General News | gglobe: Global/World Issues | gwea: Weather
RE indon: Indonesia | asiaz: Asian Countries/Regions | devgcoz: Emerging
Market Countries | dvpcoz: Developing Economies | seasiaz: Southeast Asian
Countries/Regions
PUB Asia Pulse Pty Limited
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[email protected] <[email protected]>
Fri, Nov 30, 2007 at 4:13 PM
To: [email protected], [email protected], Michael Coren
<[email protected]>, Michael Coren <[email protected]>, "Welsh,
Adam" <[email protected]>, [email protected]
----- Forwarded by Guntur Cahyo Prabowo/Person/World Bank on 11/30/2007 04:13 PM
----"Factiva"
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<[email protected]>
cc
11/29/2007
08:01 AM
Subject
REDD and Indonesia
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News Focus: REDD ON CLIMATE CHANGE CANNOT GIVE MUCH BENEFIT, NGO
SAYS
Organisation of Asia-Pacific News Agencies, 06:48 GMT, 29 November 2007, 870
Words, (English)
Graft big obstacle to saving Indonesia's dwindling forests
South China Morning Post, 29 November 2007, 881 Words, (English)
Financial support for forested nations a must: Indonesian president
Agence France Presse, 06:56 GMT, 28 November 2007, 300 Words, (English)
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1e1&fid=300169454&cat=a&aid=9JOI000500&ns=53&fn=REDD%20and%20Indonesia&f
t=g
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870 Words
29 November 2007
06:48
Organisation of Asia-Pacific News Agencies
oana
English
© Copyright 2007. OANA. All rights reserved.
LP
By Andi Abdussalam Jakarta, Nov 29 (ANTARA) - The Adaptation Fund is one of
the topics that will be discussed in the Conference of Parties (COP) to the
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in the Indonesian
tourist resort island of Bali next week. Delegates from over 160 countries
are expected to attend the two-week conference to address increasing global
warming that poses a threat to the planet and its inhabitants. As host
country, Indonesia has drafted a mechanism plan called Reductions of Emissions
from Deforestation in Developing Countries (REDD). The REDD will be proposed by
developing countries to the conference to gain financial incentives from
developed states. Under the REDD scheme, developing countries would market
tons of carbon stored in their forests to developed countries who have
obligations to reduce greenhouse gas emission.
TD "The REDD is to be proposed by developing countries who have tropical
[Quoted text hidden]
natural resources reached only Rp119 trillion," Effendi said. (A014/A/HNG/b005)
NS gclimt: Climate Change | genv: Environmental News | gcat:
Political/General News | gglobe: Global/World Issues | gwea: Weather
RE indon: Indonesia | asiaz: Asian Countries/Regions | devgcoz: Emerging
Market Countries | dvpcoz: Developing Economies | seasiaz: Southeast Asian
Countries/Regions
PUB OANA (Organisation of Asia-Pacific News Agencies)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------AN SCMP000020071128e3bt0001h
SE FT News, Education
CLM indonesia
HD Graft big obstacle to saving Indonesia's dwindling forests
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01h&fid=300169454&cat=a&aid=9JOI000500&ns=53&fn=REDD%20and%20Indonesia&f
t=g
BY Marianne Kearney in Jakarta
WC 881 Words
PD 29 November 2007
SN South China Morning Post
SC scmp
PG 12
LA English
CY (c) 2007 South China Morning Post Publishers Limited, Hong Kong. All
rights reserved.
LP
The recent acquittal of a Sumatran timber boss on charges of illegal logging
suggests it will take much more than the money Indonesia wants developed
countries to pay to protect its rapidly dwindling forests.
Early this month, Adelin Lis, a powerful businessman whose interests include
several timber-processing and plantation companies, golf courses, hotels and
property businesses, was freed after being accused of causing several hundred
billion Hong Kong dollars' worth of damage to the state through illegal logging
and failure to pay reforestation funds.
TD
The Jakarta Post said Mr Adelin, who is in his 50s, was arrested at the
Indonesian embassy in Beijing in September last year, when applying for a new
passport while pretending to be a student. A fugitive on charges of illegal
logging, he was sent to Jakarta the next day, accused of being behind timber
theft in North Sumatra between 1998 and 2003 that cost the state 228.6 trillion
rupiah (HK$189.5 billion).
But even before the court could issue its verdict this month, Mr Adelin was
released from jail, preventing police from detaining him over a money laundering
charge. Judges admitted that they had signed the prison release four days before
they issued their verdict, leading to criticism from environment and government
watchdog groups.
"The release of Adelin was part of judicial corruption," says Danang Widoyoko,
deputy director of Indonesian Corruption Watch. "The trial was very
controversial, and it seems there was also intervention from the Forestry
Ministry."
Mr Danang said that the judges' decision to accept the forestry minister's
arguments - that the illegal logging was only an administrative and not a
criminal violation - reeked of corruption.
The attorney general's office agreed that the case was suspect. Last week, it
began questioning officials from the North Sumatran prosecutors' office, as well
as police, to determine whether there was any bribery.
But the Adelin case is just the tip of the iceberg, say experts. "It is not the
first one; there are several cases in Papua, West Kalimantan, Jambi and Riau
[Sumatra], where eventually they are acquitted," says Togu Manurung, a lecturer
in forestry economics at the Bogor Agricultural Institute.
Corruption, combined with a lack of knowledge from prosecutors and police, was
hampering Indonesia's efforts to combat illegal logging, said Professor Togu.
An alliance of 15 environment groups alleged this year that a court mafia in
Padang, West Sumatra, was failing to prosecute illegal loggers, and lodged a
case with the Supreme Court.
And in Papua, police were so frustrated that they held a news conference to
complain about judicial decisions in which more than half the companies or
individuals accused of deforestation were acquitted and the remainder given
minimal sentences.
Mr Danang says the problem goes right to the top. "The main problem is that the
Supreme Court is reluctant to combat corruption; it is always giving protection
to these judges."
Before a case gets to a court, the state's representatives have usually already
collected a "fee" from a suspect to help frame a case in their favour.
"Corruptors complain to us that they have become like an ATM machine for
prosecutors," said Mr Danang.
Asked how long it might take to reform Indonesia's corrupt police and judicial
system, Mr Danang would not predict. But as the country with the world's fastest
deforestation rate, according to Greenpeace, time is one commodity Indonesia
does not have.
Greenpeace said Indonesia has already lost more than 72 per cent of its ancient
forests, and most of the rest are threatened by commercial logging and land
clearing, mostly for palm oil plantations.
Ahead of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, to be held
on Bali next week, Indonesia is leading the charge for developed nations to pay
developing nations to preserve their forests.
Indonesia, along with several other tropical countries, is proposing that this
is a form of carbon trading, which would give carbon credits a fixed
international price, and should become part of the agreement to be discussed at
the conference.
Under the scheme, known as the "Reducing Emissions from Deforestation in
Developing Countries", or Redd, Indonesia could earn up to US$15 billion a year
to conserve the last of its untouched forests, say experts.
Greenomics, a local environment group, however, has criticised Redd, saying it
undervalues Indonesia's forests, and it would be difficult for Indonesia to keep
its part of the agreement.
"I'm very, very pessimistic about the Redd concept because law enforcement is
very, very weak in Indonesia," said Elfian Effendi, a member of Greenomics.
"Corruption here is very, very uncontrollable," he said, adding it would take
years before Indonesia's security forces, which were heavily involved in illegal
logging, and its legal system were reformed.
"And Indonesia has no experience in deforestation management."
But other environmental activists, such as Ruwindrijarto, from Telapak
Indonesia, are more optimistic, pointing out that over the past 18 months the
government has cracked down on illegal loggers, bringing dozens of cases to
court, and often prosecuting connected timber companies.
"The government has been prosecuting a lot of difficult cases," he said,
praising Indonesia's plans to plant 79 million trees.
NS gcrim: Crime/Courts | gcorrp: Corruption | nedc: Commentary/Opinion |
gcat: Political/General News | gcns: Crime/National Security | gfinc: Financial
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News Filter
RE indon: Indonesia | asiaz: Asian Countries/Regions | devgcoz: Emerging
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HD Financial support for forested nations a must: Indonesian president
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3ml&fid=300169454&cat=a&aid=9JOI000500&ns=53&fn=REDD%20and%20Indonesia&f
t=g
BY PRM
WC 300 Words
PD 28 November 2007
ET 06:56
SN Agence France Presse
SC afpr
LA English
CY Copyright Agence France-Presse, 2007 All reproduction and presentation
rights reserved.
LP
JAKARTA, Nov 28, 2007 (AFP) Indonesia's President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono said Wednesday that rich nations
should provide financial support to developing countries that are home to
forests in order to prevent climate change disaster.
TD
"The world should be aware that most of the countries that have forests are
developing nations, not industrialised countries," he said in remarks broadcast
on radio as he kicked off a massive one-day tree planting exercise across
Indonesia.
He said rich nations should help forested countries, including Indonesia, to
preserve their forests through a global agreement on environment protection.
"If we had a large financial capacity, we wouldn't need other countries'
assistance. But because of our limits, we need to cooperate," he said.
Some 79 million trees are expected to be planted during Wednesday's event, which
comes ahead of Indonesia hosting a major UN climate change conference on the
resort island of Bali next week.
The meeting will see nations attempt to lay the groundwork for an agreement on
reducing greenhouse gas emissions after the current phase of the Kyoto protocol
expires in 2012.
Indonesia is spearheading a charge at Bali among 11 developing, forested nations
to see a scheme called Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation
(REDD) recognised.
The plan effectively proposes to transform carbon saved by not cutting down
trees into a tradeable commodity.
"We will continue to call on the world for fair cooperation. If we all want to
be safe (from climate disaster), we need to share," Yudhoyono added.
Rapid deforestation of Indonesia's equatorial forests, which include carbon-rich
peatland swamps, has pushed the country to the rank of third-largest emitter of
greenhouse gases in the world, behind the United States and China.
prm/sb/lod
NS gclimt: Climate Change | genv: Environmental News | gcat:
Political/General News | gglobe: Global/World Issues | gwea: Weather
RE indon: Indonesia | asiaz: Asian Countries/Regions | devgcoz: Emerging
Market Countries | dvpcoz: Developing Economies | seasiaz: Southeast Asian
Countries/Regions
IPD Indonesia | environment | forest | climate | Bali
PUB Agence France-Presse
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