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Aim:
Summarize the Causes and
Effects of the Crusades
Goals of the Crusades
Age of Faith inspired wars of
conquest

Pope Urban II issued call for a holy war
 Crusade to gain control of the Holy Land

Crusades had religious, economic,
social and political goals

Muslims controlled Palestine &
threatened Constantinople


Pope wanted to reclaim Palestine
Kings & Church as opportunity to get
rid of knights who fought each other

Knights threatened peace of Kingdoms and
Church

The First 3 Crusades
(1)-1097, 3 armies gathered outside
Constantinople

Were French, Bohemians, Germans, English,
Scots, Italians, & Spaniards
Crusaders besieged Jerusalem for month and
captured it in 1099

(2)-1144, Muslims organize to recapture
city


1187, Jerusalem fallen to Muslim leader (Saladin)
(3)- 3 European Kings try to recapture
Jerusalem

(Philip
II, Frederick I, and Richard the Lion
Hearted)
 1192- Jerusalem under Muslim Control
 Agreement: Saladin allow Christians to visit
Jerusalem
Additional Crusades
(4)- 1204, Failed attempt to capture
Jerusalem by knights


Goal: Lure of Treasure
 Ended up looting city of Constantinople

The Children’s Crusade (1212)
Two different movements (France & Germany)
 Thousands of children try conquering
Jerusalem
 Thousands die in the Alps


Spanish Crusade
Muslims (Moors) control Span
 Reconquista- Spanish drive Muslims from
Spain
 Inquisition: To unify Spain under Christianity,
Jews and Muslims forced to convert in 1400

Effects of the Crusades
Crusades example of power of the
Church during Medieval Period

European Merchants who lived
and traded in the Crusades
expanded trade between Europe &
South West Asia

Failure of later Crusades lessened
power of the pope and kings

For Muslims, intolerance and
prejudice by Christians left
bitterness and hatred

Prejudice continued for Jews
throughout Europe
