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Medieval Europe
500-1500 CE
Important Dates
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470: The fall of Rome
500 CE – 1500 CE: Middle Ages, or Medieval Period
1066: William of Normandy conquers France
1095: The First Crusade
1147-1272: More than 9 Crusades
1215: King John signs the Magna Carta
1254-1324: Marco Polo lived and traveled
1348-1349: The first outbreak of Plague in England
What changed in Europe from the
Classical Period to the Medieval Period?
Feudalism and Manorialism
Economic and Social Systems of the Middle Ages
Feudalism
You may borrow this
land from me! Of
course I need
something in return…
• Feudalism was a social
and economic system in
Europe during the Middle
Ages.
• There was a contract
between lords and
vassals. A lord owned
land. A vassal promised
military service in
exchange for some of the
lord’s land. The land
given to a vassal was
called a fief.
If you ever need an army
to protect you, I will be
there to fight! ….And I’ll
give you some money too.
Lord
Vassal
Manorialism
• The relationship between
the peasants and their lord
was called manorialism.
You may farm on my
land as long as you give
me most of your crops
and pay rent.
You don’t
have
other
options.
Sounds like a pretty
bad deal. What are
my other options?
Oh. Guess
I’ll get to
work
then…
• Peasants worked the fields
and gave part of their crop
to their lord.
• Peasants received
protection from the lord and
his vassals in exchange for
his labor.
Lord of the Manor
Peasant
Play the Quia Game!
• Click HERE icon to play the Manorialism and
Feudalism Game.
The Great Schism
The Great Schism
• Christianity developed practices and customs,
which became organized under two head
Churches: one in the Western half of the Roman
Empire, and one in the Byzantine Empire.
• The split of the two churches is called “The Great
Schism”.
Roman Catholic Church
• In the Western part of the
Roman Empire, the Roman
Catholic Church was the
authority of the Christian
religion.
• A religious leader, known
as the Pope, was the head
of the Roman Catholic
Church.
Pope
Eastern Orthodox Church
• In the Byzantine Empire (the Eastern part), the
Eastern Orthodox Church was the authority on
Christianity.
Struggle
• The Roman Catholic
Church and the Byzantine
leadership struggled over
control.
The Catholic Church
• Most Europeans during the
Middle Ages could not read
and write.
• Church clergy, like monks
and bishops, continued to
learn, read, and write.
• The Catholic Church
preserved culture and
learning. They kept Roman
writings during the Middle
Ages and continued to use
Latin for Church writings.
A monk copying the Bible
The Crusades
What were the Crusades?
Lets go capture
Jerusalem from the
Muslims!
• Volunteer armies from Catholic
Europe attacked Muslims in
order to gain control over
Jerusalem.
• These wars between Catholic
Europe and the Muslims were
called the Crusades.
Battle between the Muslims and
the Catholic Crusaders
Crusaders
Why all the fighting?
Christians, Muslims, and Jews all believe that the city of Jerusalem is a holy
place.
From 600 CE – 1095 CE, Muslims ruled Jerusalem.
In 1095 CE a new group of Muslims took over Jerusalem and stopped allowing
Christians and Jews to enter Jerusalem.
A Call to Arms!
Leave your homes
and go to Jerusalem
to fight! It is the will of
God!
Pope Urban II called upon
Catholics of all social classes to
fight the Muslims to regain
control of Jerusalem.
About 30,000 men volunteered
and left to fight.
Pope Urban II
Why did individuals participate
in the Crusades?
“For knights, this was a chance to
use their fighting skills, something
they enjoyed and did well. They were
delighted to have such a worthy
battle to fight.
For peasants, this was a chance to
escape from their dreary life in the
feudal system. The pope promised
that if they died while fighting a holy
crusade, they would automatically be
welcomed into heaven.
For others, it was a chance to have
an adventure, and perhaps even to
get rich.”
Finally a chance
to use all my
fighting training!
Maybe I’ll even
get rich!
(From http://medievaleurope.mrdonn.org/crusades.html)
My life is horrible.
At least if I die, I’ll
go straight to
heaven.
What were the effects of the
Crusades?
1. As a result of the Crusades,
Europeans learned about
the advanced technology
that Muslims had created.
Islamic civilization was
advanced in science and
medicine.
What were the effects of the
Crusades?
2) Western Europe began to
trade more directly with the
East.
What were the effects of the
Crusades?
Everyone is leaving their
manor for me! I seem to
be a lot more powerful
than any one lord….
3) The system of feudalism was
broken down.
The Crusades weakened the
power of individual lords and
nobles. Kings and the Pope
gained more power.
Pope
Play the Quia Game!
• Click HERE to play the Crusades Game.
Play the Quia Game!
• Click HERE icon to play the Great Schism and the
Roman Catholic Church Game.
Charlemagne
I keep order in the
Frankish Kingdom!
• Charlemagne was a
powerful Frankish king who
took over the Western half
of the Roman Empire in the
late 8th century.
• Charlemagne created a
large empire with new laws
to keep order.
• Charlemagne also
strengthened the Roman
Catholic Church.
King Charlemagne