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Middle Ages feudalism monastery Convent Mayor of the Palace Carolingian Dynasty monks nuns The Pope Local priests Canon law Lay investiture Papal Curia The Crusades Saladin 1. Fall of Rome 2. Invasions 3. Early Plague 1. Germanic Kingdoms Emerge 2. Rise of feudalism 3. Church power grows 4. Europe becomes rural 5. no emphasis on learning 6. new languages are formed 7. signs of modern European countries appear 1. becomes leader of the Franks 2. brings Christianity to the region 3. Unites the Franks under 1 Kingdom If the battle had been lost, Europe might have fallen under the control of Muslim’s, this would have altered World History 1. wins battles against Muslims, spreads Christianity 2. reunites Western Europe 3. Crowned Emperor by the Pope The church became involved in politics(crowning emperors), used tax money to raise armies, build roads and help the poor Lay investiture – the appointing of church officials by emperors, kings and nobles 900 AD Local priest began to marry against church law, simony – bishops selling church offices, Lay investiture Social: the Knights were fighting each other and causing chaos in Europe, this gave them an opponent and brought some peace to the area Economic: Crusades gave younger sons a chance to go a find wealth since they would not inherit it, merchants financed the Crusades, made money off the interest Political: The Pope would gain territory instead of the Byzantine Empire gaining it Spiritual: The opportunity to kill Muslims which would secure your entrance to heaven 1st – Urban ordered the Crusade, began in 1903, on July 15th 1099 Jerusalem was recaptured 2nd – The Europeans attempted to capture the city of Edessa, while this attempt was being made Saladin led the Muslims to recapture Jerusalem 3rd – 3 Monarchs led this crusade, eventual truce was signed, Muslims keep holy lands, Christians can visit them freely