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asexual reproduction autosomes centromere chromosomes diploid duplication gene haploid karyotype inversion binary fission photo of the chromosomes in a dividing cell; shows the chromosomes gametes homologous chromosomes monosomy mutations nondisjunction sex chromosomes sister chromatids somatic cell translocation trisomy zygote extra chromosome fragment attaches to its homologous chromosome, 2 copies chromosomes that contain genes that will determine the sex of the individual chromosomes not directly involved in determining the sex (gender) of an individual changes in an organism’s chromosome structure piece reattaches to a nonhomologous chromosome an organism’s reproductive cells, such as sperm or egg cells a cell that contains only one set of chromosomes any cell other than a sperm or egg cell form of asexual reproduction that produces identical offspring a fertilized egg cell, the first cell of a new individual a segment of DNA that codes for a protein or RNA molecule a structure in which DNA and the proteins associated with the DNA coil two exact copies of DNA that make up each chromosome a cell that contains two sets of chromosomes if one or more chromosomes fail to separate properly A cell that has only one copy of the chromosome, when it should have two A cell that has three copies of the chromosome, when it should have two chromosome piece reattaches to the original chromosome but in a reverse a single parent passes exact copies of all of its DNA to its offspring a piece of a chromosome breaks off completely, new cell lacks chromosomes that are similar in size, shape, and genetic content two chromatids of a chromosome are attached at a point called this